The list of national projects SAS
Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS
Targeted suppression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signalling pathways to prevent life-threatening heart failure and malignant arrhythmias
Cielená modulácia pro-zápalových a pro-fibrotických signálnych dráh ako protekcia pred srdcovým zlyhávaním a život ohrozujúcimi arytmiami.
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Bioenergetická a proteomická diagnostika v kardioprotekcii: efektívny nástroj v sledovaní regulácie mitochondriálnych signalizačných dráh.
| Duration: |
1.7.2023 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Ferko Miroslav PhD. |
| Annotation: | Oxygen-limited supply significantly increases the myocardial energy requirements. The onset of compensatory
mechanisms against this disorder is associated with regulation at the level of cardiac mitochondria. It is
mitochondrial dysfunction that is currently the goal of a therapeutic cardioprotective strategy. This project will
combine the latest scientific insights with state-of-the-art methodological approaches. A key aspect of the
presented research is to ensure sufficient energy production in the heart in conditions of increased energy
requirements caused by reduced oxygen utilization and ischemic heart disease in combination with various types of
preconditioning. The use of modern methodology will allow for investigation into the complex structure of
mitochondrial protein signaling pathways, their regulations, proteome and metabolome alterations in heart and
mitochondria. Description and comprehension of complex system of protein interactions can help identify signaling
pathways in cardioprotection processes. Changes at the level of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes that play an important role in the cellular energy maintenance will also be identified. One of the considered mechanisms
of cardioprotection is the inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) opening. Regulation of
mPTP in terms of changes of individual proteins has already been presented. We aim to contribute to the
understanding of the protein interactions presumably related to the protective modulation of mPTP. In connection
with the remodeling of mitochondrial function, calcium homeostasis and signaling of free oxygen radicals will also
be monitored. The presented project will deal with the stimulation of adaptation processes in order to contribute to
the elimination of mitochondrial dysfunction and ensure the maintenance of dynamic balance under conditions of
energy deprivation in diseased heart. |
Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and erythrocyte characteristics in patients with long COVID
Biomarkery endotelovej dysfunkcie a charakteristika erytrocytov u pacientov s dlhým COVID-om
| Duration: |
1.1.2025 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
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| Project leader: |
MUDr. RNDr. Púzserová Angelika PhD. |
| Annotation: | Long COVID (LC) represents the summation of long-term health consequences caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Extensive literature supports an association between infection and cardiovascular complications and increased cardiovascular risk after infection. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a central mechanism in COVID-19 and has been identified as a key pathogenic mechanism in LC. Although considerable progress has been made in characterizing the epidemiology, clinical course, and biology of LC, many questions remain unanswered. Further research and data are needed to develop effective therapeutic and preventive strategies. It is assumed that the solution of the project will contribute to the clarification of the complex interplay between endothelial cells and erythrocytes, the internal pathomechanisms of ED in LC, and the clarification of many aspects in the relationship between the change in the integrity of the endothelium and inflammation, oxidative stress and the hypercoagulable state.
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Targeted suppression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling pathways to prevent heart failure and occurrence of malignant arrhythmias
Cielená supresia pro-zápalových a pro-fibrotických signálnych dráh pre zabránenie život ohrozujúceho zlyhávania srdca a výskytu malígnych arytmií
| Duration: |
1.7.2022 - 30.6.2026 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Szeiffová Bačová Barbara PhD. |
| Annotation: | Heart failure is characterized by a progressive reduction in cardiac output and occurrence of malignant arrhythmias resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis, the key factor contributing to these life-threatening events, is still unresolved problem in clinic. Detection and management of myocardial fibrosis suffer from a lack of precision, therefore, novel approaches are extremely needed. We hypothesize that the determination of myocardial fibrosis phenotypes in a disease-specific way may reveal more precisely molecular targets for efficient prevention and/or treatment. The idea of the project is to differentiate myocardial fibrosis phenotypes via assessment of circulating markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and pro-fibrotic components along with determining the activation of actual signaling pathways and extent of fibrosis. In the same time to explore efficacy of selected compounds, AT1 receptor blocker, ACE inhibitor, melatonin, triiodothyronine, metoprolol, omega-3 fatty acids and molecular hydrogen, to suppress pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling pathways including purinergic signaling mediated by connexin-43 hemichannels and panexin-1 channels and to prevent or attenuate adverse structural and electrical remodeling. Novel findings may provide fundamental input to targeted therapy aimed to reduce myocardial fibrosis burden and challenge to realize well designed clinical trials. |
Dimethyl fumarate as a potential tool for the prevention of cardiovascular and hepatic disorders associated with Western diet in borderline hypertensive rats
Dimetylfumarát ako potenciálny nástroj na prevenciu kardiovaskulárnych a hepatálnych porúch spojených so západnou stravou u potkanov s hraničnou hypertenziou
Consequences of combined therapy of maternal depression – experimental study in rat offspring
Dôsledky kombinovanej terapie materskej depresie – experimentálna štúdia u potomstva potkanov
| Duration: |
1.9.2025 - 30.8.2029 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Dubovický Michal CSc. |
| Annotation: | The lifetime risk of depression is higher in women than in men, and is particularly high during women's reproductive years. Untreated maternal depression not only threatens the health and life of the mother, but also increases the risk of impaired functional brain development in the fetus and newborn, which can lead to behavioral, psychosocial, and cognitive disorders later in life. Treatment of maternal depression includes psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. While psychotherapy may be sufficient for mild to moderate depression, it often it often fails in moderate to severe depression. Antidepressants with well-studied reproductive safety profile, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are commonly considered as a first-line treatment. However, more than 5% of women with peripartum depression do not respond to standard drug treatment. In this case, it is necessary to use a different antidepressant, a combination of antidepressants, or add antipsychotic drugs. The necessity of pharmacotherapy in this case raises questions about the safety of using the combination of drugs and taking into account their possible risks for fetal and neonatal development, with an emphasis on functional brain development and neurobehavioral adaptations in the later period. According to available clinical knowledge, the combination of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline (SER) and the second-generation antipsychotic aripiprazole (ARI) represents the optimal choice for the treatment of maternal/psychotic depression. Our main objective is therefore to evaluate the safety of ARI and ARI+SER administration during pregnancy in an animal model of maternal depression with a focus on offspring development. To achieve this, we will study the effects of prenatal exposure to these drugs on functional brain development and neurobehavioral consequences in rat offspring. |
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS CITALOPRAM AND SERTRALINE ON POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF RAT OFFSPRING
EXPERIMENTÁLNA ŠTÚDIA ÚČINKOV MATERSKEJ DEPRESIE A ANTIDEPRESIVNYCH LIEČIV CITALOPRAMU A SETRALINU NA POSTNATÁLNY VÝVIN POTOMSTVA POTKANOV
| Duration: |
1.1.2023 - 31.12.2026 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Dubovický Michal CSc. |
| Annotation: | Depressive disorders affect around 20% of women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The most frequently prescribed antidepressants during pregnancy are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, the safety of their use in the treatment of maternal depression is controversial. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies these antidepressants as Category C drugs, which means that there are currently no sufficient well-controlled studies to assess the risk of their administration to pregnant and breastfeeding women. In our experimental project, we will focus on researching citalopram and sertraline and their possible adverse (or therapeutic) effects on rat brain development when administered to pregnant rats alone or in combination with induced maternal depression. With this research, we want to contribute to a more comprehensive characterization of both drugs in terms of their safety in the treatment of maternal depression. |
Experimental real-life risk simulation approach: The effect of long-term exposure to a chemical mixture of pesticides, contaminants and food additives at low doses in extended one-generation reproductive toxicity study
Experimentálny prístup simulácie rizík v reálnom živote: Vplyv dlhodobej expozície chemickej zmesi pesticídov, kontaminantov a potravinových prísad v nízkych dávkach vo viacgeneračnej štúdii na potkanoch
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Mach Mojmír PhD. |
| Annotation: | In real life, mixtures of xenobiotics can lead to a 'cocktail' effect. Studies have shown that these mixtures can lead
not only to predictable additive effects but also to unpredictable synergistic, or antagonistic effects. From early
intrauterine life till elderly, the individual is continuously exposed to chemicals with beneficial or detrimental
effects depending on the doses, windows of exposure and combinations. Many of these exposures are
considered risk factors for many diseases. These observations indicate the necessity of using improved
hazard-evaluation models, such as the real-life risk simulation (RLRS) scenario. The present project aims to to
provide an evaluation of the pre- and postnatal effects of mixture of chemicals (below NOAEL levels) on
development as well as a thorough evaluation of systemic toxicity in pregnant and lactating females and young
and adult offspring. |
Pharmacological Activation of SERCA: A Therapeutic Target for Chronic Metabolic Diseases
Farmakologická aktivácia SERCA púmp: terapeutický cieľ v manažmente chronických metabolických ochorení
| Duration: |
1.9.2025 - 31.8.2029 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Lomenová Jana PhD. |
| Annotation: | The proposed project focuses on the pharmacological activation of SERCA (Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase) as a therapeutic strategy to address chronic metabolic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus. SERCA dysfunction, exacerbated by oxidative stress and post-translational modifications (PTMs), disrupts calcium homeostasis, increases ER stress, and contributes to beta-cell dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation. This multidisciplinary project aims to systematically evaluate SERCA activators and their role in modulating oxidative and ER stress under diabetic conditions. A set of 15–20 natural and synthetic compounds will be investigated for their effects on SERCA1a activity, oxidative modifications, conformational changes, and lipid peroxidation. In silico modeling will predict binding interactions and identify key allosteric sites, while ADME and toxicity evaluations will guide compound selection. The antioxidant capacity of these activators will be assessed, focusing on their ability to protect against MGX, PAL, and CYT-induced oxidative/ER stress and their correlation with SERCA function restoration. Ex vivo studies will evaluate RBC resistance to oxidative damage, while cellular studies will analyze viability, apoptosis, ROS levels, intracellular calcium levels, insulin secretion, SERCA2b expression, and mitochondrial function. Additionally, the ZDF rat model will serve as a comparative tool to examine tissue-specific changes in calcium-regulating proteins and oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in diabetes-related metabolic disturbances. This project aims to validate SERCA as a therapeutic target, investigate PTM involvement and compensatory mechanisms, and evaluate the role of antioxidant protection. The obtained findings will expand knowledge on calcium regulation and the therapeutic potential of SERCA in metabolic diseases. |
Targeting SERCA Activation: Therapeutic Strategies for Managing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Metabolic Diseases
Farmakologická aktivácia SERCA púmp: význam v manažmente stresu endoplazmatického retikula pri chronických metabolických ochoreniach
| Duration: |
1.1.2025 - 31.12.2028 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Lomenová Jana PhD. |
| Annotation: | Calcium homeostasis imbalance activates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to the development of chronic metabolic diseases. The dysfunction of Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCA) has been identified as a major causative factor of ER stress. Pharmacological activation of SERCA appears to be an effective strategy in alleviating ER stress. The project will investigate the activation of SERCA by polyphenolic compounds to mitigate damage to pancreatic cells induced by methylglyoxal, palmitate, and cytokines (experimental diabetic conditions). The efficacy of compounds will be evaluated based on the activation of isolated SERCA1a protein and at the cellular level, focusing on viability, apoptosis, SERCA2b expression, insulin release, intracellular calcium levels, reactive oxygen species formation, SIRT and PPAR activation, among others. The project will contribute to clarifying the mechanisms of hyperglycemia at the cellular level and the effect of new compounds capable of mitigating ER stress. |
Pharmacological intervention in the treatment of cachexia by administering natural extracts (Crocus sativus and Ginkgo biloba) and substances (melittin, saffron, crocin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin) in combination with methotrexate and dexamethasone in an
Farmakologická intervencia v liečbe kachexie podávaním prírodných extraktov (Crocus sativus a Ginkgo biloba) a látok (melitín, šafranal, krocín, kempferol a izorhamnetín) v kombinácii s metotrexátom a dexametazónom na zvieracom modeli zápalovej kachexie.
| Duration: |
1.1.2023 - 31.12.2026 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
PharmDr. Poništ Silvester PhD. |
| Annotation: | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the synovial joints and is also associated with extra-articular manifestations, including cachexia. Standard treatment of RA with methotrexate (MTX) and glucocorticoids (GC) may worsen cachexia. Thus, an important strategy of this project will be the suppression of cachexia using combination therapy, which will be based on the addition of natural anti-inflammatory substances to MTX and GC. In experimental arthritis, we will also investigate the effect of drugs and natural substances on markers of catabolism (myostatin and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase) and anabolism (IGF-1, ghrelin, and testosterone) of skeletal muscle, on markers of systemic inflammation (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-17A, MMP-9) and oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyls, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) in plasma, which will help us to elucidate the mechanisms of inflammatory cachexia and it’s affecting by monotherapy and combination therapy. |
Identification of stress-induced alterations in expression of NRF2 target genes in rat models of prehypertension: the effect of comorbid hypertriglyceridemia and dimethyl fumarate treatment
Identifikácia stresom vyvolaných zmien v expresii cieľových génov NRF2 v potkaních modeloch prehypertenzie: vplyv komorbidnej hypertriglyceridémie a liečby dimetylfumarátom
| Duration: |
1.7.2023 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Bernátová Iveta DrSc. |
| Annotation: | The nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key molecular link between several noncommunicable diseases, as it regulates the expression of approximately 250 target genes, including those involved
in maintenance of redox balance, the development of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and liver diseases, as
well as in immune responses. Borderline elevated blood pressure (prehypertension) is a common cardiovascular
disorder in humans, and elevated blood pressure has been found to be positively correlated with triglyceride levels.
In addition, chronic stress is an etiological factor in the development of non-communicable diseases, including
elevated blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). In experimental studies, borderline hypertensive rats
(BHR) and hypertriglyceridemic rats (HTGR) are suitable models of prehypertension without and with comorbid
hypertriglyceridemia. These models are relevant for investigating the effects of stress as well as for investigating
the role of changes in expression of NRF2 target genes in the development of hypertension associated with
metabolic diseases. To understand better the role of NFR2 as well as the impact of chronic social stress on thementioned diseased states, the aims of this project are: 1) to identify differences in expression of NRF2 target
genes in two experimental models of prehypertension - without (in BHR) and with (in HTGR) comorbid HTG - in
control conditions and during chronic social stress, 2) to determine if NRF2 activator dimethyl fumarate can reduce
stress-induced pathologies in prehypertensive rats, especially in those with comorbid HTG, and 3) to specify a set
of suitable whole blood RNA biomarkers for evaluation of changes in NRF2 target genes in prehypertension and
HTG and those genes altered by chronic social stress. |
In vitro study of antioxidative/antiinflammatory effects of natural and synthetic compounds. In vivo assessment of medicinal effects of selected compounds in experiments of healing skin wounds.
In vitro štúdium antioxidačných/protizápalových účinkov prírodných a syntetických zlúčenín. In vivo dôkaz liečivých účinkov vybraných zlúčenín v experimentoch hojenia kožných rán.
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Inhibícia ACE2 receptorov pri hypertenzii a obezite ako potenciálny model dôsledkov COVID-19: účinol S-nitrózokaptoprilu
Aldo-keto reductase inhibitors in the personalized therapy of several types of cancer
Inhibítory aldo-keto reduktáz v personalizovanej liečbe viacerých typov rakoviny
| Duration: |
1.1.2022 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Šoltésová Prnová Marta PhD. |
| Annotation: | Increased expression of aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) in tumors of lung, breast, prostate, cervix, testes and colon were reported, and the role of AKRs in the etiology of colorectal carcinoma has been confirmed. Although the AKRs have been studied extensively in the context of diabetic complications, studies in the last decade reveal the role of AKRs in the chemoresistance. The project will focus on the exploration of novel specific targets of chemoresistance represented by the AKRs and will comprise a multidisciplinary approach based on recognition of relevant genetic factors, namely specific mutations that cause chemoresistance, and their relationships to the molecular pathways mediated by AKRs. Moreover combination of QSAR and medicinal chemistry approaches will be used to explore the chemical space of AKR inhibitors with the aim to find the chemical entities of the highest efficacy and selectivity. The project is expected to contribute to establishing personalized therapy of cancer. |
Cardioprotective effects of mesenchymal stem cells and HMGB1 inhibitor after experimentally induced myocardial infarction
Kardioprotektívne účinky mezenchymálnych kmeňových buniek a inhibítora HMGB1 po experimentálne vyvolanom infarkte myokardu
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Cebová Martina PhD. |
| Annotation: | Myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease associated with remodeling as a result of ischemia. The absence of oxygen and nutrients during ischemia results in inflammation, oxidative damage, and tissue degeneration. For understanding of the onset and progression of myocardial protection mechanisms during ischemia, it is necessary to monitor signaling molecules that can block or reverse the pathological process. Despite advances in treatment, myocardial infarction still remains the leading cause of death in the world. The aim of the proposed project will be to clarify the initial molecular and morphological changes caused by both stem cell application and glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor, administrated after myocardial infarction with a focus on suppressing pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways. The new results may provide information for targeted therapy aimed either at stem cells application or at the application of an HMGB1 inhibitor as an alternative for the myocardial infarction treatment. |
Cardioprotective effect of SGLT2 inhibition in heart failure: the role of RISK and SAFE pathway
Kardioprotektívne účinky SGLT2 inhibítora pri srdcovom zlyhávaní: úloha RISK a SAFE signálnej dráhy
| Duration: |
1.9.2024 - 31.8.2026 |
| Program: |
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| Project leader: |
Mgr. Farkašová Veronika PhD |
| Annotation: | Heart failure (HF) is the final stage in several cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (cardiomyopathies, valvular or ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction and many others). Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the most common cause of HF worldwide. For almost 50 years HF has been recognised as a determinant of adverse prognosis after MI. Although the patients that successfully survive MI live longer, the alteration of the heart muscle will manifest later on by chronic failure of its pumping function. Potential reasons of that may be related to the complexity of mechanisms of HF and the requirement for multitarget effects of optimal cardioprotection.
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are the newest class of antidiabetic drugs. Recently, clinical trials reported the cardiovascular benefits of empagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, by significantly decreasing the incidence of hospitalization associated with HF and cardiovascular-cause death rate in diabetic patients with CVD and in HF patients. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) exert cardioprotective effects in animal models of acute MI through a reduction of infarct size and a subsequent attenuation of HF development. Chronic treatment with Empagliflozin in mice with type 2 diabetes showed that the drug increased both the phosphorylation and the expression of cardiac signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) at early reperfusion. STAT-3 is one of the main signaling molecules in the survivor-activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway. SAFE, together with the pro-survival reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway, are considered major mediators of cardioprotection against I/R injury, showing potential for SGLT2 inhibition as a cardioprotective drug candidate.
The project aims to evaluate the effect of pharmacological conditioning with an SGLT2 inhibitor on cardiac resistance to acute myocardial infarction and subsequent HF and to determine the role of RISK and SAFE pathways in pharmacological conditioning with an SGLT2 inhibitor in hearts subjected to acute myocardial infarction and subsequent heart failure. |
Cardiovascular protection mediated by alpha 1 AMPK against metabolic syndrome-mediated endothelial dysfunction - identifying new risk factors
Kardiovaskulárna ochrana sprostredkovaná alfa 1 AMPK proti endotelovej dysfunkcii sprostredkovanej metabolickým syndrómom – identifikácia nových rizikových faktorov
| Duration: |
1.7.2023 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Tarcalová Miroslava PhD. |
| Annotation: | Disruption of vascular homeostasis caused by decreased nitric oxide bioavailability oxide due to oxidative stress and inflammation is the most serious complication of metabolic syndrome (MetS), leading to increased morbidity and mortality. There is an unmet need to identify key factors that prevent or protect vascular endothelium and thus improve primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It appears that AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) may be such a factor. Its protective properties and positive effect on endothelial function and oxidative stress are already known. These unique properties suggest that AMPK may be involved in improving metabolic control during MetS, but still, the molecular changes due to α1AMPK-related dysregulation during MetS development are poorly understood. The project focuses on risk factors affecting endothelial function during MetS and the AMPK as a potential tool to modify those risk factors resulting in MetS prevention or treatment. The originality of the project is based on a comprehensive evaluation of functional, molecular, and biochemical changes in endothelial function, inflammation, and metabolic senescence during MetS with a detailed focus on vascular endothelium - proliferation, senescence, and apoptosis. The focus will be put on risk factors affecting endothelial function such as the interaction/adhesion of leukocytes with the vascular endothelium and the AMPK-dependent role of erythrocytes during MetS development. The project will be enriched by the study of phenotypic and molecular changes at the level of the CNS, with an emphasis on neuroinflammation and behavioral changes. Importantly, the project has a translation character, as human studies in patients with MetS will also be performed. The obtained results may represent a potential tool for improving the current population’s health and reducing the economic burden associated with the treatment of this cardiometabolic disease. |
Ligand induced modulation of calcium pump SERCA – study of mechanism and design of new compounds
Ligandom podmienená modulácia vápnikovej pumpy - štúdium mechanizmu a návrh nových látok
| Duration: |
1.1.2022 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Májeková Magdaléna PhD. |
| Annotation: | Calcium signaling plays a crucial role in many physiological processes such as muscle contraction, gene expression, apoptosis and insulin secretion. A primary role in the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ concentration belongs to SERCA – sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. As an impaired function of Ca2+-ATPase is associated with various chronic diseases and disorder, the compounds able to restore it are important as potential drugs. Our aim is to elucidate the mechanism of known SERCA activators by means of experimental and theoretical methods and to use this knowledge in design of new compounds, able to maintain SERCA function. In the framework of our research related to diabetes, we plan to include two more targets in our design – inhibition of polyol pathway and oxidation stress. |
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Molekulárne a mechanobiologické mechanizmy konkurenčných a adaptačných stratégií nádorových buniek v odpovedi na nádorové mikroprostredie
Molecular mechanisms implicated in corticosteroid-monoamine interaction in stress-related cardio- and neuropathologies
Molekulárne mechanizmy interakcie signálnych dráh kortikosteroidov a monoamínov v kardio- a neuropatológiách vyvolaných stresom
| Duration: |
1.7.2023 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Mach Mojmír PhD. |
| Annotation: | Stress is defined as an organism’s response to various stressors jeopardizing the homeostasis. Stressors accompany living organisms all through their life, when the first exposure happens even before the birth (e.g., maternal infection during the gestation). Stress is not necessarily harmful; controlled exposure to the certain stressors might be even beneficial (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy). On the other side, stress can also be involved in certain heart and brain disorders, which are the worldwide leading causes for disability and mortality. Based on our previous results in rats, we hypothesize that interaction between corticosteroids and monoamines is a factor determining whether certain stressor, administered to the organism of the specific sex, will be harmful, neutral, or even beneficial. We aim to perform a further investigation of corticosteroid-monoamine interaction in rat model of prenatal stress (maternal infection during the gestation caused by LPS administration) and to assess a role of Ca2+ signaling, which decodes diverse extracellular signals into specific cellular responses. Particularly, we will focus on investigation of changes caused by prenatal stress at the level of cardiomyocyte contractility and excitability of serotonin and dopamine neurons in the midbrain. Ca2+ signaling as a potential intracellular effector of corticosteroid-monoamine interaction will be monitored at the level of intracellular Ca2+ channels, which are considered as the main components of Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes as well in neurons. We will also test pyridoindoles as the novel treatment strategies for the stress-related cardiovascular and neurological disorders. This will include in silico modeling (computer simulations of drug interactions) and in vivo treatment. |
Can the modulation of sarco-endoplasmic Ca2+ - ATPase (SERCA) by selected natural substances be regulated by sirtuins? Importance in supportive treatment of diabetic complications and tumor diseases
Môže byť modulácia sarko/endoplazmatickej Ca2+ - ATPázy (SERCA) vybranými prírodnými látkami regulovaná sirtuínmi? Význam v podpornej liečbe diabetických komplikácií a nádorových ochorení.
On the trace of mitochondrial chloride channel identity.
Na stope identity mitochondriálneho chloridového kanálu.
| Duration: |
1.7.2023 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Ferko Miroslav PhD. |
| Annotation: | Mitochondrial chloride channels are involved in the regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential deltaΨm. In
in vitro conditions, it was observed that oxidative stress results in oscillations of deltaΨm, which leads to the
shortening of the action potential on the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes and to the occurrence of
arrhythmias, mediated by the production of ATP in the mitochondria. At the level of the whole heart, arrhythmias
were observed as a consequence of ischemia-reperfusion. Specific ligands of the translocator protein (TSPO)
prevent the occurrence of post-ischemic arrhythmias. The use of a non-specific chloride channel blocker led to the
same effect. TSPO ligands inhibit the mitochondrial chloride channels at nanomolar concentrations, suggesting that
the TSPO protein mediates the chloride channel block. Thus, TSPO is likely to be in close contact with the chloride
channel. Mitochondrial chloride channels are well described at the electrophysiological level, but their molecular
identity remains unclear. Recently, two isoforms of chloride intracellular channel family (CLICs) have been shown
to be localized in mitochondria. However, CLIC channels have only been described in an artificial system -
overexpressed in host cells. Mitochondrial chloride channels from native membranes are assumed to be identical
to one of the two mitochondrial CLIC isoforms. The aim of the presented project is to verify the hypothesis that the
measured native chloride channels from cardiac mitochondria are members of the CLIC family and whether the given CLIC isoform and TSPO are in close physical contact. We assume that the obtained results will help to clarify the molecular identity of the mitochondrial chloride channel, which represents a significant potential target for
preventing the occurrence of post-ischemic arrhythmias.
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Neurocognitive mechanisms of semantic representation and control
Neurokognitívne mechanizmy sémantickej reprezentácie a kontroly
| Duration: |
1.1.2023 - 31.12.2026 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Marko Martin PhD. |
| Annotation: | Semantic cognition underpins the processing, organization, and fluid retrieval of knowledge (facts, concepts, and their relations) stored in memory. It regulates mental processes and adaptive behavior, whereas deterioration of this system is present among several neuropsychiatric disorders and diseases. The aim of this project is to identify cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms that support the ability to search and retrieve conceptual representations within semantic memory. For this purpose, we will carry out a set of original experiments that combine systematic manipulation of cognitive interference, the measurement of cognitive load (effort) using pupillometry, and non-invasive (transcranial) electrical brain stimulation. Via such interdisciplinary approach, we intent to characterize key neurocognitive determinants of automatic and control (executive) functions of the human semantic system, which may inspire effective interventions for their enhancement. |
Neuroprotective and cardioprotective potential of phenol acids in the prevention of civilization diseases
Neuroprotektívny a kardioprotektívny potenciál fenolových kyselín v prevencii civilizačných ochorení
| Duration: |
1.1.2023 - 31.12.2026 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Gáspárová Zdenka PhD. |
| Annotation: | The risk of the civilization disease can be reduced by adjusting the lifestyle and a diet low in fat and increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits rich in flavonoids. These include phenolic acids (PA), small molecules with good bioavailability, and beneficial effects on the body. The project is focused on the cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects of PA on the heart and hippocampus of rats in vitro. After selecting the most effective PA from in vitro experiments, this will be tested in vivo in a model of a metabolic syndrome induced by a high fat-fructose diet. A project innovation lies in (i) the use of promising low molecular weight PA, and (ii) the application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for non-invasive monitoring of the neurochemical profile changes in the rat brain. The determination of inflammation and oxidative stress markers offers to characterize the mechanism of action of the selected PA. The behavioral test (NOR) will provide data on learning and memory improvements. |
Novel antidiabetic/antiobesty drugs as innovative pharmacotherapeutic tools for cardioprotection in experimental model of type 2 diabetes
Nové antidiabetiká/antiobezitiká ako inovatívny farmakoterapeutický nástroj kardioprotekcie v experimentálnom modeli diabetu 2. typu
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
doc. RNDr. Barteková Monika PhD. |
| Annotation: | Ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction represent major diseases associated with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although several effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological protective interventions against myocardial I/R have been identified, translation of knowledge into clinical practice is uncertain, also due to comorbidities suffered by cardiac I/R patients, including diabetes and obesity. On the other hand, recently described cardioprotective effects of known antidiabetic drugs give hope for a comprehensive solution for therapy of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in one. The aim of the project will be to investigate the possibilities of cardioprotection against I/R injury using new drugs with antidiabetic and antiobesity effects in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes. Results of the project will contribute to expanding the possibilities of therapy for cardiometabolic diseases, and thus to better management of patients suffering from civilization diseases |
New aspects of cardioprotection by natural antioxidants: role of ageing and lifestyle-related comorbidities
Nové aspekty kardioprotekcie prírodnými antioxidantami: vplyv starnutia a komorbidít súvisiacich so životným štýlom
| Duration: |
1.7.2022 - 30.6.2026 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
doc. RNDr. Barteková Monika PhD. |
| Annotation: | Despite the important progress in the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the new therapeutic strategies as well as mechanisms involved are still being extensively studied to reach the optimal efficiency of the therapy. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury represents a clinically relevant problem associated with CVD (including ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction) as well as with cardiac surgery. Natural antioxidants including flavonoid quercetin and several catechins have been shown to exert protective effects against cardiac I/R injury. However, most of the experimental studies have been performed in young healthy animals what is not corresponding to the situation in real life where the patients prone to acute ischemic event (myocardial infarction) are usually aged people suffering from some comorbidities such as hypertension or metabolic disorders. Thus the aim of the current project is to reveal the real therapeutic potential of selected natural antioxidants, quercetin and epicatechin against cardiac I/R injury in aged subjects and subjects suffering from selected metabolic comorbidities (type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia) and hypertension. Another goal of the project is to uncover intra- as well as intercellular mechanisms involved in the action of selected antioxidantss in individuals with comorbidities exposed to cardiac I/R, including their interactions with mechanisms involved in development of selected comorbidities. Meeting the objectives of the project will significantly help to better management of patients suffering from CVD, particularly from acute myocardial infarction |
New methods of treating heart failure. Prevention of oxidative stress by molecular hydrogen.
Nové metódy liečby srdcového zlyhania. Prevencia oxidačného stresu molekulárnym vodíkom.
| Duration: |
1.1.2022 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Kura Branislav PhD. |
| Annotation: | Heart failure (HF) globally affects approximately 26 million people worldwide. Despite many therapeutic advances in the symptomatic treatment of HF, the prevalence, mortality and costs associated with treatment in developed countries continue. One of the key mechanisms involved in the development of the pathophysiology of the failing heart is the uncontrolled overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which causes damage to lipids in membranes, mitochondria, proteins and DNA, leading to cell death. Blocking hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals could therefore prevent the destruction of cellular components and the progression of HF.
Recently, it was discovered that molecular hydrogen (H2) has a protective effect in the case of damage to various organs, mainly due to its antioxidant activity. We hypothesize that H2 application could be a new effective treatment for HF patients. The project is aimed at investigating the therapeutic use of H2 and its ability to act cardioprotectively in the isoproterenol-induced HF model in older rats. |
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Prepojenie autofágie a redoxnej signalizácie a ich regulácia pri rôznych poškodeniach srdcových buniek.
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Prepojenie medzi redoxnou signalizáciou, autofágiou a apoptózou pri rôznych typoch poškodenia srdcových buniek
The contribution of new nano-carrier drug delivery systems to the enhancement of the anti-inflammatory effect of D-limonene, phellandrene, isoborneol and chrysophanol studied in vivo (2/0091/23)
Prínos nových nanonosičových liekových systémov k zvýšeniu protizápalového účinku D-limonénu, felandrénu, izoborneolu a chryzofanolu skúmaný in vivo (2/0091/23)
| Duration: |
1.1.2023 - 31.12.2026 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
PharmDr. Dráfi František PhD., MPH |
| Annotation: | Based on the scientific literature we hypothesize that an optimal anti-inflammatory effect of a selected natural
substance after its oral administration in its new nano-carrier drug delivery systems (NCDDS) might beneficially
modulate immune processes in inflammatory diseases as in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Adjuvant arthritis (AA) is used as one of the in vivo RA models to evaluate the pharmacology of molecules tested. High bioavailability will be achieved by the technological adjustment of the molecules into NCDDS (nanoemulsions and liposomes). Along with other parameters evaluated and focused mainly on inflammation, we will analyze the ability to reduce bone erosion and/or synovitis by the RANKL/RANK/osteoprotegerin signalling pathway. The significant benefit will be statistically assessed by their dose-dependency evaluation and possible synergic/additive pharmacological determination of concomitantly applied standards as methotrexate and upadacitinib, administered both in (sub)therapeutic doses. |
Preparation and quality control of modern dosage forms for alternative administration rout of biologics by inhalation (APVV-23-0508)
Príprava a kontrola kvality moderných liekových foriem pre alternatívne podanie biologík inhalačnou cestou (APVV-23-0508).
| Duration: |
1.7.2024 - 30.6.2028 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
PharmDr. Dráfi František PhD., MPH |
| Annotation: | The use of biopharmaceuticals has drastically expanded with the development of recombinant DNA technology. The typical delivery rout of the innovative drugs is based on intra venous, sub cutaneous, or intra muscular application. Pulmonary drug delivery offers rapid and sustained drug delivery, high efficacy, no first-pass metabolism, and achievement of both local and systemic effects. Development of such biologic demands making particles/droplets that are sufficiently small, and nebulization of the solution to be inhaled. Both aspects affect product quality through decreased activity or protein aggregation. It is essential to optimize the drug formulation with the intended delivery system used. The aim of the project is development of reliable and functional formulations of mAbs and peptides for their inhalation application. We expect that our project will bring comprehensive standard operation protocols or guidelines for formulation of such biologics. |
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Protekcia kardiovaskulárneho systému pri experimentálnej hypertenzii a zlyhaní srdca inhibítorom sodíkovo-glukózového kontransportéra 2 -dapagliflozínom: efekt na srdce, cievy a obličky. Porovnanie s ACE inhibítorom kaptoprilom.
Heart mitochondria proteomic mapping: Uncovering potential signaling pathways
Proteomické mapovanie mitochondrií srdca: Odhaľovanie potenciálnych signálnych dráh
| Duration: |
1.9.2024 - 31.8.2026 |
| Program: |
|
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Andelová Natália PhD. |
| Annotation: | Exposure of the organism to limited access to oxygen is a significant stimulus in inducing cardioprotection effective against mitochondrial dysfunction. From the point of view of possible initiators of endogenous myocardium protection, hypoxia appears as a potential trigger of adaptation processes. Hypoxia-induced stimulation of the adaptive response induced by preconditioning represents an effective tool for maintaining the bioenergetic balance of the myocardium exposed to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Due to the dynamic nature of mitochondria, research attention is increasingly focused on their proteomic changes. Proteins are proving to be promising prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Modern analytical methods, such as mass spectrometry, which allows complex mapping of proteins and their changes, have a promising potential. Applying biostatistical approaches offers new concepts for studying protein-protein interactions (PPI) and characterizing signaling pathways involved in mitochondrial cardioprotective processes. Identifying mitochondrial proteome changes, elucidating calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling, regulating mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and studying PPI could provide a breakthrough understanding of signaling pathways from mitochondria to overall myocardial physiology. |
Psychophysiological correlates of semantic interference control
Psychofyziologické koreláty kontroly sémantickej interferencie
| Duration: |
1.7.2024 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
Other projects |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Michalko Drahomír PhD. |
| Annotation: | The human brain integrates vast amounts of information about the world into organised semantic representations,
forming a knowledge basis by which we understand and think about objects and events unfolding in our environment.
The hallmark of our cognitive system is the ability to flexibly select from this vast pool of knowledge only those bits
that suit the current contextual demands, allowing us to adapt our thinking to everchanging conditions. A crucial role
in this ability plays the mechanism of inhibitory control, which shapes our thinking to meet the current situational
demands by suppressing interfering, contextually irrelevant bits of knowledge. Contemporary findings indicate that the
functionality of this mechanism is influenced by catecholamines (dopamine and noradrenaline). These accounts
suggest that deviations from optimal catecholaminergic signalling disrupt inhibitory control, hindering the ability to
discern relevant from irrelevant bits of knowledge, resulting in aberrant thought patterns and behaviours symptomatic
of various neuropsychiatric conditions. In this project, we plan to test these accounts by developing a novel
behavioural method capable of indexing the ability to follow contextual demands under different levels of semantic
interference. Subsequently, we plan to combine this method with physiological measures of dopaminergic
(spontaneous eyeblink rate) and noradrenergic (changes in pupil size) activity to evaluate, in a detailed way, how
these systems affect our ability to resolve semantic interference of varying strength. The proposed project may
substantially improve our understanding of adaptive cognitive processes with high clinical relevance, particularly for
patients with memory and thought control deficits. |
Semantic memory in mental health disorders
Sémantická pamäť pri poruchách mentálneho zdravia
Senogenic effects of environmental stressors in human skin cells and possibilities of senotherapy using natural and synthetic substances
Senogénne účinky environmentálnych stresorov v ľudských bunkách kože a možnosti senoterapie s využitím prírodných a syntetických látok.
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Račková Lucia PhD. |
| Annotation: | Current knowledge indicates that organism-environment interaction affects rate of aging of the organism.
Oxidative stress and inflammation are among the main gerontogenic mechanisms triggered by environmental
stressors. These mechanisms are also linked to cellular senescence, process believed to contribute critically to
aging.The skin, which is barrier organ of body, is constitutively exposed to various stimuli affecting its
morphology and function.Therefore, skin exposome research can be considered paradigmatic,and its
implementation can contribute to better understanding of aging in other organs as well.
The aim of project is investigation of senogenic effects of various environmental stressors (such as
oxidants,pollutants,UV radiation) also using new aging biomarkers. The scope of research also includes
therapeutic efficacy of selected plant metabolites and synthetic compounds.The project will provide insight into
gerontogenic and senotherapeutic mechanisms of substances studied in cellular skin models. |
Sensory control of postural balance and its changes due to motor, cognitive and anxiety disorders
Senzorická regulácia rovnováhy a jej zmeny vplyvom motorických, kognitívnych a úzkostných porúch
| Duration: |
1.1.2025 - 31.12.2028 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Kimijanová Jana PhD. |
| Annotation: | In everyday life, we are constantly confronted with numerous situations in which individual sensory systems provide conflicting or ambiguous information and with new postural tasks to which we must adapt. Sensory integration plays a key role and the research of its mechanisms is very important for the assessment of balance control, especially in populations that are more prone to the risk of falling, i.e., in the elderly and patients with motor, cognitive or anxiety deficits. Appropriate motor or sensory intervention can help these vulnerable groups to improve impaired balance and thus prevent falls, subsequent injuries and loss of independence. The aim of the project is to characterize the mechanisms of sensory control in maintaining balance in various sensory conditions in elderly people with movement and cognitive disorders and to define indicators of postural stability that most sensitively reflect changes in balance control due to physical and sensory training. |
Investigation of factors involved in cardiorenal syndrom and treatment strategies
Skúmanie faktorov zapojených v kardiorenálnom syndróme a stratégie liečby
| Duration: |
1.3.2025 - 31.12.2028 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Sýkora Matúš PhD. |
| Annotation: | The healthy physiological functioning of the body is ensured by the mutual interaction of individual organs, whereby pathological damage to one organ can cause acute or chronic dysfunction in another organ. The heart
and kidneys interact through hemodynamic and non-hemodynamic pathways essential for cardiovascular homeostasis. The maladaptive relationship
between the heart and kidneys has been defined as cardiorenal syndrome
(CRS), contributing to organ dysfunction and failure. A key factor in this process is the activation of profibrotic pathways and subsequent fibrosis of the heart and kidneys. This life-threatening condition remains an unresolved issue in clinical practice. Therefore, new
strategies are urgently needed for early diagnosis and targeted intervention in the fibrosis of the heart and kidneys. The aim of the project is to phenotype profibrotic and fibrotic changes in the heart and kidneys in a relevant model of CRS induced by aortocaval fistula
(ACF). In addition to determining circulating markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and profibrotic factors, it is essential to identify the activation of signaling pathways, the extent of fibrosis, and proarrhythmic factors, including profibrotic and proarrhythmic
changes in connexin 43 (Cx43) in the heart and its unexplored role in the kidneys. Another aim of the project is to explore the
antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects of selectively targeted substances (SGLT2i and GLP-1RAs) and their potential in reversing
profibrotic signaling pathways, including signaling mediated by connexin channels. The results obtained from this project will provide new information for more targeted therapy of the pathogenesis of heart and kidney fibrosis and will present a challenge for the implementation of
translational and clinical studies. |
Investigating the involvement of connexin-43 in rat brown and white adipose tissue in mechanisms of cardiovascular risk and cardioprotection.
Skúmanie účasti konexínu-43 v hnedom a bielom tukovom tkanive potkana v mechanizmoch kardiovaskulárneho rizika a kardioprotekcie.
Study of the role of innate cardioprotection in the rat myocardium evoked by non-pharmacological adaptive stimuli under normal and pathological conditions.
Štúdium úlohy endogénnej kardioprotekcie v myokarde potkana evokovanej nefarmakologickými adaptačnými stimulmi za normálnych a patologických podmienok
| Duration: |
1.1.2022 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
MUDr. Ravingerová Táňa DrSc., FIACS |
| Annotation: | Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, interventional cardiology, and surgery, a growth of ischemic heart disease as one of the main reasons for heart failure will not reduce over the next decades. It is due to longer survival after
myocardial infarction (IM) but gradual impairment of its function and incidence of comorbidities. Attenuation of IM consequences employing ischemic “preconditioning“ (PC) is not commonly used in clinical praxis due to technical requirements and short-term duration. On the other hand, there are other adaptive interventions such as PC in a distant organ, physical activity, and/or chronic or acute hypoxia. Their advantage over classical IPC is a
noninvasive, relatively simple, and safe mode of introduction with a possibility of repeated application that may be a prerequisite of greater efficiency in humane medicine. It is assumed that application of noninvasive forms of PC induces similar effects as IPC – activation of cell signaling cascades of endogenous cardioprotection |
Therapeutic intervention with bioactive compounds from bee products in experimental arthritis: evaluation of both articular and extra-articular complications
Terapeutické ovplyvnenie experimentálnej artritídy bioaktívnymi látkami zo včelích produktov: hodnotenie kĺbových a mimo-kĺbových komplikácií
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
PharmDr. Bauerová Katarína PhD., DrSc. |
| Annotation: | Bee products are a frequently studied due to their
pharmacological properties. However, the identification of
substances responsible for their properties is absent. The aimof the project is to characterize the effect of
selected peptides and polyphenolic extracts from bee
products on the articular manifestations of rheumatoid
arthritis, but also on extra-articular manifestations with the aim of optimizing the
conventional treatment. Adjuvant arthritis in rats will be used in the project. Polyphenolic extracts of bee pollen and honey will be tested, as well as
melittin from bee venom, 10-hydroxydecanoic acid from royal jelly and the bee peptide
apisimin. In addition to biometric indicators, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress will be determined in plasma and in relevant
tissues. Study of cardioprotective mechanisms and of mitochondrial energetics will be carried out. Finally, the
effectiveness of the most effective substance in combination with methotrexate and upadacitinib will be verified. |
Therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants 7,8-dihydroxyflavone and Naringin in animal model of depression
Terapeutický potenciál prírodných antioxidantov 7,8-dihydroxyflavónu a Naringínu v animálnom modeli depresie
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Vranková Stanislava PhD. |
| Annotation: | Depression is the most common mental disorder in the world. Pathomechanisms involved in the development of depression are mainly associated with the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway. Affecting the BDNF/TrkB/CREB
signaling pathway is a critical therapeutic target for inducing adult hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressant
therapy. Compounds capable of inducing rapid structural
and functional rearrangement of neuronal networks are particularly attractive. Several of these psychoplastogens
are naturally occurring antioxidants, such as 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) and Naringin. The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of 7,8-DHF and Naringin, as well as their combinations, on the development of depressive-like symptoms in animal model of depression. Results of this project will contribute to elucidating the
pathogenesis of depression and their treatment possibilities. |
ToxiGut: Modeling and Prediction of Drug and Chemical Side Effects in an In Vitro 3D Reconstituted Human Small Intestine Model
ToxiGut: Modelovanie a predikcia vedľajších účinkov liekov a chemických látok na in vitro 3D rekonštituovanom modeli tenkého čreva
| Duration: |
1.1.2025 - 31.12.2028 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Dr.rer.nat., Ing. Kanďárová Helena ERT |
| Annotation: | The ToxiGut project proposes the development and internal validation of an advanced experimental system for
studying the side effects of chemicals and pharmaceuticals on a human 3D reconstructed model of the small
intestine. The project focuses on comparing static and dynamic methods of cultivating 3D tissue in a microfluidic
device (Gut-on-chip concept), achieving a high level of simulation of the physiological conditions of the small
intestine. The project will compare the obtained data with experimental results from the CaCo-2 line of human
colorectal carcinoma, which is used for screening in preclinical pharmacological studies. However, this model
does not reflect the complexity of the human intestinal environment and, like established animal models, provides
inaccurate outputs for clinical studies. The project aims to provide a more efficient testing system that will improve
the predictive ability of preclinical tests and increase the safety of patients in clinical trials while reducing costs
and time. |
Effects of mesenchymal stem cells and HMGB1 inhibitor on cardiovascular system after experimentally induced myocardial infarction in hypertension and diabetes mellitus
Účinky mezenchymálnych kmeňových buniek a inhibítora HMGB1 na kardiovaskulárny systém po experimentálne vyvolanom infarkte myokardu v hypertenzii a diabettes mellitus
| Duration: |
1.7.2023 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Cebová Martina PhD. |
| Annotation: | Myocardial infarction is a serious disease of the coronary arteries, when part of the heart muscle dies and cardiac remodeling occurs as a result of persistent ischemia. The lack of oxygen and nutrients during ischemia results in inflammation, oxidative damage, and tissue degeneration. For a comprehensive understanding of the onset and progression of myocardial protection mechanisms during ischemia, it is necessary to monitor protective signaling molecules that can block or reverse the pathological process. Despite significant progress in the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system, myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in the world, especially in elderly patients with associated diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The aim of the proposed project will be to clarify the significance of the nitric oxide signaling pathway after myocardial infarction in conditions of selected comorbidities. We will define the initial molecular and morphological changes that are caused by either the application of stem cells or glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor, applied after myocardial infarction. We will also examine the effectiveness of stem cells and glycyrrhizin to suppress pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways with focus on PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway and JNK / Bax and TLR4 / NF-κB signaling pathway. The new results may provide information for targeted therapy aimed at the application of stem cells after myocardial infarction. In addition, in patients who are not suitable candidates for the given treatment, the application of an HMGB1 inhibitor can be an alternative for the treatment of myocardial infarction. |
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Účinky nových antidiabetík/antiobezitík semaglutidu a tirzepatidu na kardiovaskulárny systém u 6 a 12-mesaačných samcov a samíc obéznych ZDF potkanov s diabetom 2. typu
The effect of dimethyl fumarate on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation and redox balance in chronic stress-exposed female rats with mild hypertension and comorbid hypertriglyceridemia
Účinok dimetylfumarátu na aktiváciu jadrového faktora NRF2 a redoxnú rovnováhu u samíc potkanov vystavených chronickému stresu s miernou hypertenziou a komorbidnou hypertriglyceridémiou
| Duration: |
1.9.2024 - 31.8.2026 |
| Program: |
|
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Mičurová Andrea PhD. |
| Annotation: | The number of hypertensive adults worldwide has dramatically increased in last 30 years. Hypertension found together with other comorbidities presents a risk factor for development of several diseases. Nowadays, stress is considered to be significant factor involved not only in development, but also progression of cardiovascular, psychological and other diseases. Several studies associated long-lasting stress with disturbances in redox balance in various tissues, mainly with increased reactive oxygen species production or decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates the cytoprotection against toxic and oxidative insults through the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense. Interestingly, recent studies indicate that expression of NRF2 is decreased under chronic stress and leads to significant changes in redox homeostasis. Since hypertension and comorbid hypertriglyceridemia are often found together and many adults are exposed to chronic stressors, the aim of this project is to specify the chronic stress-induced behavioural changes, disturbances in redox balance, expression of NRF2 and its activation with dimethyl fumarate in various tissues of female experimental model of prehypertension with comorbid triglyceridemia. |
A Public Platform for the Prediction of Toxic Substances Short title of the project/Acronym:
Verejná platforma na predikciu toxických látok
The effect sex and reproductive stage of females on the vasoregulatory role of sulfide and nitroso signaling pathways in metabolic syndrome
Vplyv pohlavia a reprodukčného stavu samíc na vazoregulačnú úlohu sulfidovej a nitrózovej signánej dráhy v podmienkach metabolického syndrómu
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Berényiová Andrea PhD. |
| Annotation: | Our studies demonstrated a key vasoregulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling in
various animal models of cardiovascular complications. In metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by changed diet, we
reported that the interaction of these signaling pathways is disrupted, and H2S donor application can alleviate the
pathological manifestations of MS. Moreover, in hypertriglyceridemic rats (HTG) we observed an endothelial
dysfunction that was not only associated with reduced NO-synthase activity but also with endogenously produced
H2S. Previous studies have focused on cardiovascular changes mainly in males, while studies on HTG females
are missing. The project will examine the influence of gender and reproductive status of females HTG rats with
the aim of revealing possible differences in vasoactive regulatory mechanisms. At the same time, it will
investigate the possible beneficial effects of flavonoid administration on cardiovascular complication associated
with postmenopausal MS. |
The role of sex hormones in the a1AMPK- mediated vascular protection during the development of the metabolic syndrome
Vplyv pohlavných hormónov pri indukcii vaskulárnej ochrany sprostredkovanej aktiváciou alfa-1 AMPK počas rozvoja metabolického syndrómu
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Tarcalová Miroslava PhD. |
| Annotation: | Disruption of vascular homeostasis caused by reduced nitric oxide bioavailability due to oxidative stress and inflammation is the most severe complication of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, it is essential to identify the key factors that protect the endothelium and improve the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Such a factor may be a1AMP-dependent protein kinase (a1AMPK), as it may be involved in improving metabolic control. The project focuses on risk factors affecting endothelial function during MetS and a1AMPK as a potential tool to modify these factors in the context of gender differences, as sex hormones can regulate a1AMPK. The project’s originality is based on a comprehensive assessment of changes in endothelial function during MetS with a clear focus on vascular endothelium and gender differences. The results of this study represent a potential tool to increase the quality of life and reduce the economic burden associated with treating this cardiometabolic disease. |
The influence of semantic representation and executive control on the structure and dynamics of idea generation
Vplyv sémantickej reprezentácie a exekutívnej kontroly na reguláciu štruktúry a dynamiky myslenia
| Duration: |
1.7.2024 - 30.6.2028 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Marko Martin PhD. |
| Annotation: | Human thinking emerges from a complex interaction of several neurocognitive processes and mechanisms that are yet poorly understood. Following the recent advances in cognitive psychology and neuroscience, in the present project, we introduce an integrative framework where the unfolding “stream of thought” is conceptualized as a dynamic memory process operating upon structured conceptual representations constrained by situational demands (i.e., contexts or goals). To understand how semantic cognition aids adaptive ideation, we will first develop an original memory paradigm, allowing us to deconstruct the complexity of thinking into fundamental and measurable processes and functions. Using these measures in a series of behavioral and psychophysiological experiments implementing a systematic manipulation of cognitive interference and load, we will further investigate the core determinants and predictors of ideational fluency at various levels of analysis. Moreover, we will employ unifocal as well as bifocal non-invasive electrical brain stimulation and rigorous experimentation to evaluate the causal involvement of the prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum in semantic memory retrieval and control, hence shedding light on the mechanisms and circuits supporting both spontaneous and controlled (i.e., goal-oriented) idea generation. Together, the proposed framework and paradigms bear strong potential to bring novel insights into the architecture of human thinking and inspire future diagnostic procedures or non-pharmacological treatments for individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions that manifest in aberrant memory functioning, language, or thinking. |
Research of plants with therapeutic potential in surgery, dermatology, and dentistry: phytochemical analysis, biological effects, and study of mutual interactions of their constituents.
Výskum rastlín s terapeutickým potenciálom v chirurgii, dermatológii a stomatológii: fytochemická analýza, biologické účinky a štúdium vzájomných interakcií ich obsahových látok.
Development of diabetic nephropathy and its treatment with nutraceutic in experimental conditions
Vývoj diabetickej nefropatie a jej liečba nutraceutikom v experimentálnych podmienkach
Development of multifunctional aldose reductase inhibitors based on triazinoindoles: Optimization of their biological activity, selectivity, bioavailability and antioxidant properties.
Vývoj multifunkčných inhibítorov aldózareduktázy na báze triazínoindolov: Optimalizácia ich biologickej aktivity, selektivity, biodostupnosti a antioxidačných vlastností.
| Duration: |
1.1.2022 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Kováčiková Lucia PhD. |
| Annotation: | Aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) have been developed as therapeutics for the treatment of diabetic complications, inflammation and some types of cancer associated with chronic inflammation. In our previous projects, we identified derivatives of indol-1-yl acetic acid, 2-(3-thioxo 2H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-5(3H)-yl)acetic acid (cemtirestat, CMTI) and 2-(3-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-5(3H)-yl)acetic acid (OTI) as lead structures. Their high inhibitory effect and selectivity, favorable physicochemical parameters and good water solubility render these derivatives as promising candidates for structure optimization. The project focuses on the design and chemical synthesis of new structural analogs by optimizing the 5-carboxymethyltriazinoindole skeleton, in order to
increase inhibitory activity, selectivity, bioavailability, antioxidant activity and improve ADME properties. The
efficacy of the new derivatives will then be evaluated in vitro and ex vivo by a structure-activity relationship (SAR)
study.
|
Development of novel selective aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) with antioxidant properties and improved bioavailability as potential drugs in prevention of diabetes and cancer
Vývoj nových selektívnych inhibítorov aldóza reduktázy (ARI) s antioxidačnými vlastnosťami a vylepšenou biodostupnosťou ako potenciálnych liečiv v prevencii diabetu a rakoviny
| Duration: |
1.9.2025 - 31.8.2029 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Kováčiková Lucia PhD. |
| Annotation: | Multifactorial nature of diabetic complications represents a great challenge in the development of efficient therapy. The multitarget directed approach in prevention of diabetic complications is oriented on the rational design of chemical entities able to affect simultaneously multiple key mechanisms of glucose toxicity, namely non-enzymatic glycation, polyol pathway, oxidative stress and impaired calcium signaling, since targeting just one particular mechanism may have a limited effect. Aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) have been developed as therapeutics for the treatment of diabetic complications, inflammation and some types of cancer associated with chronic inflammation. No AR inhibitors have been approved in the USA and Europe. In Asia, epalrestat is used as the only one commercially available low selective inhibitor to treat diabetic neuropathy. In our previous study, we identified sulfur derivative cemtirestat (CMTI) and its oxygen analogue otirestat (OTI) as lead structures. Structure optimization by introducing various substituents into the N(2) position of OTI provided new possibilities for explanation of selectivity in related aldehyde reductase enzyme (ALR1). The aim of this project is development of novel selective ARIs with antioxidant properties and improved bioavailability as potential drugs for efficient therapy in diabetic complications and cancer. |
The role of in Wnt signaling in processes associated with effects of doxorubicin.
Wnt signalizácia a jej úloha v procesoch spojených s účinkami doxorubicínu.
Cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics regulated by reduced oxygen consumption: In-depth proteomic analysis of cardioprotective signaling pathways.
Zníženou spotrebou kyslíka regulovaná bioenergetika srdcových mitochondrií: Hĺbková proteomická analýza signálnych kardioprotektívnych dráh.
| Duration: |
1.1.2023 - 31.12.2026 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Ferko Miroslav PhD. |
| Annotation: | Reduced oxygen utilization significantly increases the myocardial energy requirements. The compensatory mechanisms against this serious metabolic disorder is associated with regulation of cardiac mitochondria. It is mitochondrial dysfunction that is currently the goal of a therapeutic cardioprotective strategy, effective against energy and dynamic imbalance. Part of the identification of preconditioning-induced adaptation processes will be the monitoring of the role of mitochondria on redox equilibrium, signaling of free oxygen radicals, changes in oxidative phosphorylation and energy pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and ion homeostasis. The definition of hypoxic damage, the effect of preconditioning and the identification of a potential cardioprotective signal carrier will be indicated by proteomic and metabolomic analyzes by LC-MS. The comprehensive analysis will provide detailed information on changes of proteins as potential markers as well as the characteristics of their signaling pathways. |
Zofenopril and erucin, H2S releasing coumpounds, in therapy of cardiovascular disorder in experimental model of obesity and 2 type diabetes
Zofenopril a erucín, H2S uvoľňujúce látky, v terapii kardiovaskulárnych porúch pri experimentálnom modeli obezity a diabetu 2. typu
| Duration: |
1.1.2022 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Čačányiová Soňa PhD. |
| Annotation: | Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) represents an important gaseous transmitter involved in the vascular tone regulation, however, its role in pathological stages such diabetes and obesity remains unexplained. In both, arterial hypertension and metabolic disorder without obesity, H2S produced by arterial wall could participate in impaired vascular function, on the other side, sulfide signal pathway can be a part of compensatory vasoactive mechanisms. We suppose that the escalated metabolic disorder and obesity could impair balanced action of sulfide pathway and enhance the injury of vascular system. H2S-releasing compounds could provide the treatment leading to the decrease of detrimental vasoactive and pro-oxidative effects. We will investigate the chronic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril and natural isothiocyanate erucin, both acting as H2S donors, on cardiovascular system of obese Zucker diabetic rats to confirm or refuse a beneficial effect of therapy with H2S releasing drugs in obesity. |
The total number of projects: 58
