The list of national projects SAS
Centre of Biosciences SAS
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Alu-RNA Conformational Dynamics and Their Impact on ADAR-Mediated RNA Editing
Analysis of staphylococci isolated from skin of horses
Analýza stafylokokov izolovaných z kože koní
| Duration: |
1.7.2024 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
PostdokGrant |
| Project leader: |
MVDr. Štempelová Lucia PhD. |
| Annotation: | Currently, horses are used in the cultural and sports field, forestry, police, but also in the treatment of people in the
field of hippotherapy. Bacterial skin infections are important breeding and economic problems in horses. For this
reason, the aim of this project is the isolation and characterization of the skin microbiota in horses with a focus on the
genus Staphylococcus. Since staphylococci as opportunistic pathogens are often involved in the development of
dermatological diseases, the aim of this project will be to analyse the characteristics of collected staphylococci.
Mapping resistance to antibiotics will provide important information in determining priorities in solving the current
antibiotic crisis. Testing other properties such as biofilm formation, toxins or other virulence factors will reveal the
extent to which staphylococci can participate in pathological processes in the case of skin infections in horses or
serve as a reservoir of genes for their transfer. Thorough knowledge of the microbial population is the basis for the
development of new therapeutic approaches without the use of antibiotics. |
Automated learning device as a cognitive enrichment for laying hens
Automatizované zariadenie na učenie ako forma kognitívneho obohatenia pre nosnice
Non-antibiotic approaches to control mastitis of cows with an increase in the hygiene of dairy farms conditions
Bezantibiotické prístupy kontroly mastitíd dojníc so zvýšením hygieny prostredia na produkčných farmách
| Duration: |
1.7.2023 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Bujňáková Dobroslava PhD. |
| Annotation: | Inflammation of the mammary gland ‒ mastitis is currently one of the three main diseases encountered by dairy
farmers. The most common treatment of mastitic cows is antibiotic therapy during lactation, but also all round
drying programmes. However, frequent use of antibiotics results in several serious problems such as low
treatment success, and the presence of antimicrobial residues in milk. For this reason, the EU by its "Farm to Fork"
strategy plans to reduce the use of antibiotics for farm animals by 50%, which is also supported by a new law
effective from January 2022, that prohibits all forms of routine use of antibiotics and zinc oxide, including
preventative herd treatment and all round drying of cows. In Slovakia as well as in the neighboring EU countries, no
methodological procedures have been established for dairy farmers regarding the drying of cows in order to reduce
the use of antibiotics. The presented project comprehensively resolves the current problems encountered by dairy
farmers focusing on practical rationalization and implementation of new procedures for diagnosis, suppression and
prevention of mastitis. The introduction of new diagnostic methods for the direct and indirect determination of inflammation symptoms supplemented by analysis of dairy cows based on clinical examination and the results of
milk utility control with the application of algorithmic models for the detection of risky cows are among the basic
objectives of the project aimed at reducing the incidence of mastitis. One of the new components of the project to
be implemented in practice in order to reduce the consumption of antibiotics will include the introduction of
selective drying programmes for dairy cows and the development of an effective lactobacilli-based protective agent
for udder treatment. A new disinfectant for complex elimination of pathogens from the environment of the milking
parlor will be designed by the research team for use in practice conditions. |
Biotechnological potential of nonconventional yeast in the production of squalene
Biotechnologický potenciál netradičných kvasiniek z hľadiska produkcie skvalénu
| Duration: |
1.1.2022 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Garaiová Martina PhD. |
| Annotation: | Ergosterol biogenesis in yeast has been studied so far mainly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae traditionally used in
basic research and industry. It is quite surprising that very little is known about sterol homeostasis even in the
large group of so-called nonconventional oleagionus yeasts utilized as producing organisms for various valuable
lipids. The project is aimed at the study of sterol homeostasis in oleaginous yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica and
Rhodosporidium toruloides and on the role of lipid droplets in this process. Using the methods of metabolic
engineering we will evaluate the potential of these yeasts in production of squalene, a precursor in ergosterol
biosynthesis with applications in cosmetic and pharmaceutic industry. We will also try to identify other
nonconventional yeast species able to accumulate high amounts of squalene. The results of the project should
contribute to the extension of the basic knowledge about the mechanisms and biotechnological applications of
lipid accumulation in yeasts. |
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Cielená úprava enzýmovej aktivity ako liečebná stratégia pri ochoreniach mozgu rezistentných na farmakoterapiu
Biosensing the Silent Killers: Electrochemical and QCM Aptamer-Based Strategies for Rapid, Simple, and Early miRNA Detection in Cancer Diagnosis
Detekcia tichých zabijakov: Stratégie založené na elektrochemických a QCM biosenzoroch na báze aptamérov pre rýchlu, jednoduchú a včasnú detekciu miRNA v diagnostike rakoviny
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Poturnayová Alexandra PhD. |
| Annotation: | The aim of the project is to develop and validate a biosensor for microRNA detection for early diagnosis of
haemato-oncological diseases. MiRNAs are known for their unique expression profiles and are considered
promising biomarkers for early detection of several types of cancer. The proposed biosensors will be based on
specific oligonucleotide aptamers which provide advantages: high selectivity, affinity, stability. The project will
involve several phases including design and selection of aptamers, optimisation of biosensors and evaluation of
their performance in patient samples. The biosensors will be fabricated by immobilizing the aptamers on solid Au
surfaces or modified Au nanoparticle surfaces. Performance will be evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity,
selectivity and reproducibility with limits of detection and linear ranges compared to conventional methods. The
successful development of aptasensors could revolutionise cancer diagnostics by enabling early and effective
therapeutic interventions. |
Consequences of combined therapy of maternal depression – experimental study in rat offspring
Dôsledky kombinovanej terapie materskej depresie – experimentálna štúdia u potomstva potkanov
| Duration: |
1.9.2025 - 31.8.2029 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
prof. RNDr. Lacinová Ľubica DrSc. |
| Annotation: | The lifetime risk of depression is higher in women than in men, and is particularly high during women's reproductive years. Untreated maternal depression not only threatens the health and life of the mother, but also increases the risk of impaired functional brain development in the fetus and newborn, which can lead to behavioral, psychosocial, and cognitive disorders later in life. Treatment of maternal depression includes psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. While psychotherapy may be sufficient for mild to moderate depression, it often it often fails in moderate to severe depression. Antidepressants with well-studied reproductive safety profile, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are commonly considered as a first-line treatment. However, more than 5% of women with peripartum depression do not respond to standard drug treatment. In this case, it is necessary to use a different antidepressant, a combination of antidepressants, or add antipsychotic drugs. The necessity of pharmacotherapy in this case raises questions about the safety of using the combination of drugs and taking into account their possible risks for fetal and neonatal development, with an emphasis on functional brain development and neurobehavioral adaptations in the later period. According to available clinical knowledge, the combination of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline (SER) and the second-generation antipsychotic aripiprazole (ARI) represents the optimal choice for the treatment of maternal/psychotic depression. Our main objective is therefore to evaluate the safety of ARI and ARI+SER administration during pregnancy in an animal model of maternal depression with a focus on offspring development. To achieve this, we will study the effects of prenatal exposure to these drugs on functional brain development and neurobehavioral consequences in rat offspring. |
Phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ channel as an effective regulator of inter-channel communication
Fosforylácia ryanodínového receptora/Ca2+ kanála ako efektívny regulátor medzi-kanálovej komunikácie
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Gaburjáková Jana PhD. |
| Annotation: | The ryanodine receptor (RyR)/Ca2+ channel is one of critical components implicated in muscle and neuronal
Ca2+ signaling. In vivo and in vitro, RyR channels self-organize into larger clusters creating highly favorable
conditions for direct inter-channel communication. Molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon, which is
manifested by synchronized (coupled) gating of numerous RyR channels, are not understood at all. The project
aim is to show that in vitro induced phosphorylation of RyR channels substantially affects the appearance and
stability of coupled gating in the heart. Furthermore, we are interested in the effect of chronic in vivo
phosphorylation of RyR channels, which has been evidenced in various pathological conditions of the heart and
brain. We assume that stabilization of coupled gating might result in significant advancements in the treatment of
channelopathies related to RyR dysfunction; therefore, the important part of the project will be testing the effect of
a new promising drug, Rycal-S107. |
Functional analyses of TOR signaling pathway in the regulation of abiotic stress response in the fission yeast
Funkčná analýza TOR signálnej dráhy v regulácii abiotického stresu v kvasinke Schizosaccharomyces pombe
| Duration: |
1.7.2023 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia PhD. |
| Annotation: | As a consequence of our modern lifestyle, each organism is at the daily basis attacked by various impairing agents, oxidants, inducing elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by individual cells. Understanding the influence of those toxic elements on biochemical and physiological processes considerably contributes to specification of their toxicity. TOR kinase, a highly conserved kinase between species, belongs to the main regulators of cell growth and metabolism in response to various stresses. The aim of the proposed project is to investigate the molecular mechanism of TOR signaling in the cell defense machineries and cell cycle regulation under food toxicants acrylamide and its metabolites-induced stress, with the use of Schizosaccharomyces pombe as model system. S. pombe is a popular model organism for studies of basic biological processes. It is often referred to as “micromammal” as its genomic organization resembles that of higher eukaryotes including humans. Similar to higher eukaryotes, TORC1 and TORC2 have been identified in S. pombe. S. pombe TORC1, which contains the catalytic subunit Tor2, and TORC2, which contains Tor1 apparently have reverse, but coordinated, roles for growth, cell cycle and sexual development. Although, the role of TOR signaling in cell responses to various stresses has been intensively studied, the underlying mechanism of TORC2 and its catalytic subunit Tor1 in S. pombe in the cell protection and cell cycle regulation under stress conditions caused by food contaminants remains unclear. We aim to utilize state-of-the art research “OMIC” methods in molecular biology, genetics, spectroscopy, biochemistry, microscopy, and visualization to achieve the proposed objectives. |
Characterization of the equine skin microbiome and its targeted modulation
Charakterizácia mikrobiómu integumentárneho systému u koní a jeho cielená modulácia
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
MVDr. Strompfová Viola DrSc. |
| Annotation: | he skin, the largest and most exposed organ by surface area, represents an ecological niche for an enormous spectrum of microorganisms that contribute to the barrier function of the skin and skin homeostasis. Any changes in the population of commensal microorganisms are associated with physiological changes occuring during various dermatological diseases or aging. Nevertheless, the amount of knowledge on the composition, diversity and functions of the skin microbiota in horses is negligible. Knowing the taxonomic composition of the microbiota under physiological and pathological conditions and its properties, what is the goal of this project, will help with the search for appropriate therapeutic strategies in relatively frequently occurring dermatological diseases in horses, will help to improve welfare by accelerating healing, and will help to reduce the danger of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The project will study also antimicrobial effect of bioactive substances for reduction of skin infection. |
Identification of behavioural and neurobiological indicators of positive poultry welfare
Identifikácia behaviorálnych a neurobiologických indikátorov pozitívneho welfaru hydiny
| Duration: |
1.1.2023 - 31.12.2026 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Košťál Ľubor CSc. |
| Annotation: | In the field of animal welfare science, there is a marked shift from negative welfare, the study of phenomena such
as fear, pain or suffering, to positive welfare. In addition to looking for indicators of positive welfare, this also
means looking for ways how to induce positive affective states, positive welfare. The aim of the project is to test
the possibility of inducing positive welfare in poultry by anticipation of reward, positive contrast in the magnitude
of reward or positive control of animals over their environment or resources. We will test the possibilities of
automating behavioural recording as an important indicator of welfare and the hypothesis that the intensity of
neurogenesis in the hippocampus may serve as a marker of cumulative affective experience. |
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Identifikácia prírodných látok a ich derivátov s cytotoxickým účinkom na leukemické bunky s vyvinutou viacliekovou rezistenciou
Infrared thermography as a tool for the study of emotions and animal welfare
Infračervená termografia ako nástroj štúdia emócií a welfaru zvierat
| Duration: |
1.1.2023 - 31.12.2026 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Pichová Katarína PhD. |
| Annotation: | Thanks to the massive development of new technologies in recent years these have also become a part of
agricultural production. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) represents a new system of animal farm production
which applies technologies to monitor the health and welfare of animals to improve the production and quality of
life of the animals. Infrared thermography, due to its non-invasiveness, represents a potential tool to measure the
welfare of poultry from several perspectives, whether assessing external indicators such as the degree of
plumage damage, but also physiological parameters detecting affective states through changes in temperature of
peripheral body regions. The aim of the project is to optimize the use of infrared thermography to assess welfare
in laying hens, to test its application in commercial breeding conditions, and thus contribute to the development of
parameters objectively assessing the quality of life of animals. |
An innovative and comprehensive view of obstructive sleep apnea
Inovatívny a komplexný pohľad na obštrukčné spánkové apnoe
Smart deep brain stimulation as a treatment strategy in treatment-resistant depression
Inteligentná hĺbková mozgová stimulácia ako inovatívna stratégia pre liečbu mozgových porúch
| Duration: |
1.1.2022 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
MMedSc Dremencov Eliyahu DrSc |
| Annotation: | Impaired connectivity between different brain areas underlines pathophysiology of multiple brain disorders. It is possible that impaired connectivity between prefrontal cortex and ventral pallidum is involved in depression. Smart deep brain simulation, combining real-time detection of the neuronal activity in in prefrontal cortex with the stimulation of ventral tegmental area, might be thus an effective in depression. We aim to examine the cortico-tegmental connectivity and to test the antidepressant-like effectiveness of the smart deep brain stimulation in an animal model of depression. |
Interaction between brain monoamines and gut hormones: role in mood and cognition
Interakcia medzi mozgovými monoamínmi a črevnými hormónmi: úloha v nálade a kognícii
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Interakcia mitochondriálneho chloridového kanálu s translokátorovým proteínom
| Duration: |
1.1.2023 - 31.12.2026 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Ševčíková Tomášková Zuzana PhD. |
| Annotation: | Cardiac arrhythmias are one of the most common causes of death in the world. Arrhythmias also arise as a result of ischemia/reperfusion, when changes in nutrient and oxygen supply occur. Oxygen radicals may increase during reperfusion. Both metabolic and oxidative stress have been shown to result in arrhythmias due to cyclic changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential. These changes are mediated by chloride channels, which are thought to be identical to the CLIC5 isoform of intracellular chloride channels. Cardioprotective effects at the level of cells and the whole heart were observed after application of a specific ligand of mitochondrial translocator protein TSPO - 4-chlorodiazepam (4Cl-DZP), but also after application of a non-specific anion channel inhibitor. 4Cl-DZP is thought to act on chloride channel activity indirectly, via the TSPO protein, but no details of this interaction are known. The aim of our project is to describe the relationship between CLIC5 chloride channels and the TSPO receptor. |
Conformational Dynamics of Alu RNA. Éminences grise behind ADAR-Mediated Alu A-to-I Editing?
Konformačná dynamika Alu RNA, šedá eminencia ADAR-sprostredkovaného editingu?
Zinc feed additives as a strategy to reduce methane emissions in ruminants with endoparasites
Kŕmne aditíva s obsahom zinku ako stratégia zníženia emisií metánu u prežúvavcov s endoparazitmi
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
MVDr. Váradyová Zora PhD |
| Annotation: | Agriculture accounts for a significant share of all greenhouse gas emissions, according to the latest data, and reducing emissions is one of the biggest challenges in animal production. Most anthropogenic methane emissions come from enteric fermentation in ruminants. Reducing global methane emissions from livestock production should be linked to a general effort to combat the factors that influence climate change. Parasitic worms, the gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants, affect several factors associated with methane emissions, including feed efficiency, nutrient utilization, and animal production. The proposed project design aims to investigate the anti-methanogenic effects of feed supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticles on lambs with gastrointestinal nematodes. |
Cryotolerance of bovine embryos produced in vitro from cryopreserved oocytes
Kryotolerancia bovinných embryí produkovaných in vitro z kryokonzervovaných oocytov
| Duration: |
1.7.2024 - 30.6.2028 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Antalíková Jana PhD. |
| Annotation: | An effective biotechnological method for increasing the utilization of the reproductive potential of cattle is the production of high-quality embryos in vitro. Cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos combined with in vitro fertilization (IVF) is an important tool for preserving genetic resources. In vitro production (IVP) of embryos from frozen oocytes can, in addition, significantly contribute to the expansion and preservation of the gene pool of endangered species or breeds of animals whose numbers are significantly decreasing. A problem with cryopreservation of IVP embryos is their poor resistance to freezing compared to in vivo embryos, which reduces the number of pregnancies in cows after embryo transfer. There are many indications that increasing the cryotolerance of pre-implantation embryos can be achieved by enriching culture media and vitrification solutions by adding some substances such as antioxidants, growth factors, cytoskeleton stabilizers and other additives that help to improve antioxidant protection, stabilize the cytoskeleton, affect lipid utilization and accumulation or other processes in cells. The presented project will be based on the results of our previous project, where we developed a system for successful cryopreservation of oocytes with a high post-warming survivability and maintenance of high developmental competence, thus, providing us with a rich source of cryopreserved bovine oocytes for further experiments. The project will be focused on increasing cryotolerance (resistance to cryopreservation) of embryos produced from vitrified oocytes by ensuring optimal culture conditions. New possibilities for the evaluation of cryotolerance of embryos will be defined based on the latest methods and techniques used in this area. The obtained results from the implementation of the project will be useful for the bank of animal genetic resources of male and female gametes and embryos. |
Lipid metabolism and its role in mitochondrial bioenergetics
Lipidový metabolizmus a jeho úloha v bioenergetike mitochondrií
Modern approaches of the bacterial biofilms modulation (eradication)
Moderné prístupy modulácie (eradikácie) bakteriálnych biofilmov
Modulation of neuronal excitability by homocysteine
Modulácia neuronálnej excitability homocysteínom
| Duration: |
1.1.2022 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
prof. RNDr. Lacinová Ľubica DrSc. |
| Annotation: | Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate of methionine metabolism physiologically presents in the plasma of healthy humans. Abnormally high plasma level of Hcy results in a metabolic condition called hyperhomocysteinemia (hhc). It is related to cardiovascular and neurological disorders including dementia, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and peripheral neuropathy. We will analyse the effect of hhc on the modulation of neuronal excitability at the level of single neurons and neuronal networks. Alteration of voltage-activated Na+, K+, and Ca2+ currents and ligand-gated glutamate and GABA receptors will be investigated in cultured primary thalamic neurons. The involvement of Ca2+ channel isoforms will be assessed in detail with the aim to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Finally, complex effects of changes in voltage- and ligand-gated channels on action potential firing will be characterized. The project will contribute to understand the mechanisms underlying neuropathologies related to hhc. |
Microbiome modulators for maintaining dermal health in animals
Modulátory mikrobiómu pre zachovanie kožného zdravia zvierat
| Duration: |
1.7.2024 - 30.6.2028 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
MVDr. Strompfová Viola DrSc. |
| Annotation: | The skin - the largest organ of the body - harbors a wide variety of microbes that, together with their genetic information and host interactions, form the skin microbiome. Many of these microorganisms are harmless and in some cases even provide vital functions such as protection against invasion by the pathogenic organisms, modulation of the function of the skin's immune system, as well as acceleration of healing and reduction of inflammation in case of injury. Dysbiosis refers to the lack of balance among microbial communities within certain areas of the body that may lead to the onset or progression of diseases and is the focus of current scientific research. The goal is to find innovative methods to maintain the skin's microbial homeostasis and to avoid the use of antimicrobial treatment, which except the eradication of pathogens causing skin disease, also reduces beneficial part of the microbiome. Therefore, the intention of the project is to find an effective alternative means to strictly antibacterial agents in the form of an antibiotic-sensitive, safe and effective bacterium selected from the commensal skin microbiota of healthy animals, which can be applied to skin lesions to promote healing during dermatological diseases complicated by infection. Such an approach to therapy prevents further spread of resistance to antibiotics and thus the ineffectiveness of drugs due to resistance and helps to eliminate the use of non-ecological drugs.
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Molekulárne mechanizmy interakcie signálnych dráh kortikosteroidov a monoamínov v kardio- a neuropatológiách vyvolaných stresom
| Duration: |
1.7.2023 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Gaburjáková Marta PhD. |
| Annotation: | 09 Annotation (max. 2 000 characters) Stress is defined as an organism’s response to various stressors jeopardizing the homeostasis. Stressors accompany living organisms all through their life, when the first exposure happens even before the birth (e.g., maternal infection during the gestation). Stress is not necessarily harmful; controlled exposure to the certain stressors might be even beneficial (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy). On the other side, stress can also be involved in certain heart and brain disorders, which are the worldwide leading causes for disability and mortality. Based on our previous results in rats, we hypothesize that interaction between corticosteroids and monoamines is a factor determining whether certain stressor, administered to the organism of the specific sex, will be harmful, neutral, or even beneficial. We aim to perform a further investigation of corticosteroid-monoamine interaction in rat model of prenatal stress (maternal infection during the gestation caused by LPS administration) and to assess a role of Ca2+ signaling, which decodes diverse extracellular signals into specific cellular responses. Particularly, we will focus on investigation of changes caused by prenatal stress at the level of cardiomyocyte contractility and excitability of serotonin and dopamine neurons in the midbrain. Ca2+ signaling as a potential intracellular effector of corticosteroid-monoamine interaction will be monitored at the level of intracellular Ca2+ channels, which are considered as the main components of Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes as well in neurons. We will also test pyridoindoles as the novel treatment strategies for the stress-related cardiovascular and neurological disorders. This will include in silico modeling (computer simulations of drug interactions) and in vivo treatment. |
Molecular mechanisms of preimplantation embryo responses to environmental factors
Molekulárne mechanizmy reakcií preimplantačného embrya na faktory prostredia
| Duration: |
1.1.2023 - 31.12.2026 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Čikoš Štefan DrSc. |
| Annotation: | The project deals with the preimplantation embryo development, focusing on the mechanisms by which the early embryo responds to environmental factors. The role of selected cellular receptors will be investigated with emphasis on possible interactions between receptors activated by the same or by concurrent ligands (glutamate, glycine, GABA, selected insecticides). The impact of receptor ligand transporters will also be investigated. Selected intracellular signaling molecules and processes involved in the activation of the identified receptors as well as possible alternative mechanisms (such as oxidative stress) activated by the action of the investigated ligands will be analyzed. Understanding the mechanisms by which environmental factors affect the development of the preimplantation embryo can contribute to the development of husbandry, nutrition and animal health management practices that lead to a reduction of economic losses in livestock production caused by early
embryo loss or later health disorders. |
Possibility of using intestinal in vitro and ex vivo models for studying the transport of manganese, intestinal functionality and epithelial integrity.
Možnosti využitia in vitro a ex vivo intestinálnych modelov na štúdium transportu mangánu, funkčnosti a integrity črevného epitelu.
| Duration: |
1.1.2025 - 31.12.2028 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
MVDr. Grešáková Ľubomíra PhD. |
| Annotation: | The use of intestinal in vitro and ex vivo models to simulate the digestive tract conditions is important for transport
study, studying intestinal functionality and epithelial integrity. However, these models have not been used enough
for clarifying the trace mineral transport yet. The project purpose is to investigate the transport of Mn, which is an
essential as well as toxic trace element, playing a key role in the animal health and nutrition. Using the intestinal
models, Ussing chambers system and primary intestinal epithelial cell cultures, Mn absorption will be investigated
to clarify its transport mechanisms, and the effect of Mn on the functions and properties of the gut epithelium. The
project objective is to evaluate the suitability of the used intestinal models for studying the absorption and
transport, intestinal functionality and epithelial integrity, and optimising of cultivation and isolation of primary
intestinal epithelial cells, their characterization and cultivation as 2D and 3D cultures. |
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Mutácie asociované s Wolframovým syndrómom: rozdielne signálne dráhy v zmysle metabolizmu vápnika a funkcie mitochondria
Crossroads of Adaptation and Resistance: Exploring Endoplamic Reticulum Stress Responses in Cancer and Microbial Systems"
Na hranici adaptácie a rezistencie: Skúmanie stresovej odpovede endoplazmatického retikula v rakovinových a mikrobiálnych systémoch
| Duration: |
1.9.2025 - 31.8.2029 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Sulová Zdena DrSc. |
| Annotation: | Given the escalating global threat of drug resistance, as emphasized by the WHO, our research addresses the critical need for innovative therapeutic strategies. We postulate that an efficient unfolded protein response (UPR) enables cells to balance pro-survival and pro-death signals, thereby facilitating adaptation to cytotoxic stress. Specifically, the activation of the UPR allows eukaryotic cells to counteract stress induced by toxic agents, promoting survival and adaptation that may reduce drug sensitivity. Furthermore, we propose that targeting pivotal components of the UPR through pharmacological inhibitors (in fungal and neoplastically transformed cells), RNA interference, or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene deletion (in neoplastically transformed cells) can intensify cytotoxic stress, thereby promoting cell death and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. In addition, we plan to evaluate the biological activity of swainsonine and its newly synthesized derivatives, glycosylation inhibitors, both as monotherapies and in combination with conventional antifungal and anticancer agents. The safety profile of these compounds will be assessed using an in vivo Galleria mellonella model in conjunction with studies on non-cancerous mammalian cell lines. By addressing fundamental questions regarding the role of the UPR in drug resistance and adaptation, this study seeks to bridge significant gaps in our understanding of fungal and cancer biology. Our findings could pave the way for novel treatment strategies that not only enhance drug efficacy but also overcome resistance, thereby contributing to the development of precision medicine approaches for both infectious and oncological diseases. |
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Na stope identity mitochondriálneho chloridového kanálu
| Duration: |
1.7.2023 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Ševčíková Tomášková Zuzana PhD. |
| Annotation: | Mitochondrial chloride channels are involved in the regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential Ψm. In in vitro conditions, it was observed that oxidative stress results in oscillations of Ψm, which leads to the shortening of the action potential on the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes and the occurrence of arrhythmias, mediated by the production of ATP in the mitochondria. At the level of the whole heart, arrhythmias were observed as a consequence of ischemia-reperfusion. Specific ligands of the translocator protein (TSPO) prevent the occurrence of post-ischemic arrhythmias. The use of a non-specific chloride channel blocker led to the same effect. TSPO ligands inhibit the mitochondrial chloride channels at nanomolar concentrations, suggesting that the TSPO protein mediates channel block. Thus, TSPO is likely to be in close contact with the chloride channel. Mitochondrial chloride channels are well described at the electrophysiological level, but their molecular identity remains unclear. Recently, two isoforms of chloride intracellular channels (CLICs) have been shown to be localized in mitochondria. However, CLIC channels have only been described in an artificial system - overexpressed in host cells. Mitochondrial chloride channels from native membranes are assumed to be identical to one of the two mitochondrial CLIC isoform. The aim of the presented project is to verify the hypothesis that the measured native chloride channels from cardiac mitochondria are members of the CLIC family and whether the given CLIC isoform and TSPO are in close physical contact. We assume that the obtained results will help clarify the molecular identity of the mitochondrial chloride channel, which represents a significant potential target for preventing the occurrence of post-ischemic arrhythmias. |
Nerves to heart: genetic cardiovascular diseases influenced by neuronal dysfunction on the model of dilated cardiomyopathy with Lamin A/C mutation
Nervy vedúce k srdcu: genetické kardiovaskulárne ochorenia ovplyvnené neuronálnou dysfunkciou na modeli dilatačnej kardiomyopatie s mutáciou lamímu A/C
Non-traditional agricultural-industrial by-products as feed additives for sheep with endoparasites
Netradičné agro-priemyselné vedľajšie produkty ako kŕmne aditívum u oviec s endoparazitmi
| Duration: |
1.7.2024 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
PostdokGrant |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Petrič Daniel PhD. |
| Annotation: | Parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in ruminants affect not only many factors related to the efficiency and use
of feed but also contribute to the increased intensity of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), especially methane. The
project deals with the impact of locally available agro-industrial by-products, such as polyphenol-rich spent coffee
grounds used as feed additives in lambs with endoparasitosis. The aim of the project will be to what extent feed
supplementation affects rumen microbial fermentation, methanogenesis, and immunological parameters of lambs
loaded with GIN. Obtaining new information about the potential use of these non-traditional agro-industrial byproducts
could serve as an example of a circular economy with lower dependence on chemical inputs and better use
of locally available sources of polyphenols in the agroecological context. |
Neurotrophin containing nanoparticles in the treatment of acute neuronal injury
Neurotrofín obsahujúce nanočastice v liečbe akútneho poškodenia neurónov
| Duration: |
1.7.2024 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
PostdokGrant |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Ondáčová Katarína PhD. |
| Annotation: | Acute damage to the central nervous system, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), poses global medical and socio
economic concerns. Challenges in its treatment arise due to limited neuroregeneration. TBI disrupts neural networks,
impacting psychomotor functions. Successful tissue regeneration requires an adequate treatment of all associated
pathological conditions. Any potential cure must pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We suggest an application of the
brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) to the site of injury, as a candidate treatment, due to its role in promoting neuron
survival and growth. To overcame a BBB we suggest use of novel polymeric nanoparticles as a drug carrier.
Application of nanomedicine's role in treating neurodegenerative damage represents new promising path with a potential to enhance quality of life of TBI patients |
Novel approaches for effective utilization of phytoadditives in animal nutrition.
Nové prístupy účinnej aplikácie rastlinných aditív vo výžive zvierat.
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
MVDr. Plachá Iveta PhD |
| Annotation: | The concept of „gut health“ has recieved a lot of attention as it has been recognized as one of the key elements in determining animal performance. Even though, plant phenolic compounds are able to improve gut health due to their strong antioxidant potential, further studies are needed to understand how the processes of their biotransformation in the gastrointestinal tract can affect their bioavailability in organism. One of the crucial aspects of their beneficial effect are the amount present in the gut as a result of their release from feed, and their consequent ability to pass through the intestinal wall. Before application to animals, more studies are urgently needed to precisely understand the metabolic processes of plant compounds within organisms. The main idea of project proposal are biotransformation processes of stabilised form of thymol, main compound of thyme, in rabbit´s organism which represents an appropriate animal model for evaluation of the bioavailability of nutrients. |
Elucidation of the function of selected genes in meiotic division in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Objasnenie funkcie vybraných génov v meiotickom delení u kvasinky Schizosaccharomyces pombe
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Obštrukčné spánkové apnoe a kognitívne funkcie. Mechanizmy sprevádzajúce intermitentnú hypoxiu a následnú reoxygenáciu
Postbiotics and their use for animal health
Postbiotiká a ich využitie pre zdravie zvierat
| Duration: |
1.1.2025 - 31.12.2028 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
MVDr. Pogány Simonová Monika PhD |
| Annotation: | Methicillin-resistant (MetR) and vancomycin-resistant (VanR) staphylococci and enterococci occur in healthy farm animals and they can pose a risk to human health due to contamination of animal products. In addition, the migration of resistant microbiota into the environment causes an ecological burden and wildlife serves as a reservoir of resistant bacteria that are difficult to eliminate. The use of postbiotics – enterocins (antimicrobial proteinaceous substances produced by some strains of the genus Enterococcus) could be a promising way to eliminate MetR and VanR bacteria. Therefore, the present basic research project will focus on testing the inhibitory and antibiofilm activity of enterocins (characterized at our workplace) against a target of undesirable microbiota with an impact on MetR/VanR and biofilm-forming staphylococci and enterococci of animal origin. The results with enterocins achieved under in vitro condition against selected MetR/VanR strains will be verified using in vivo model experiments. |
Potential and prospect of alternative zinc sources in animal nutrition
Potenciál a perspektíva alternatívnych zdrojov zinku vo výžive hospodárskych zvierat
| Duration: |
1.7.2022 - 30.6.2026 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Čobanová Klaudia PhD. |
| Annotation: | The presented project proposal is focused on the use of various zinc nanoparticles and organic zinc sources as
mineral supplements in animal nutrition and their effect on microelements absorption, retention, and utilisation in
ruminants and poultry. Investigation of the effects of various dietary zinc sources on physiological processes and microbial parameters of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and poultry should bring new principal results. In general, the experiments will be aimed at improving the mineral status and optimising digestive processes in farm animals in an effort to reduce zinc excretion and thus environmental pollution of minerals from animal production. Research on the distribution of specific zinc-containing metalloproteins in animal tissues and their dependence on appropriate delivery of zinc in the form with high bioavailability may provide us with new basic information which in turn may be useful in practice for better prevention of oxidative stress and its negative consequences. The impact of various zinc nanoparticles in the animal feed on the quality of products of animal origin will be investigated as well. The basic knowledge obtained by fulfilling of objectives of the proposed project should also lay the foundation for future applied research on the supplementation of feeds with bioavailable zinc sources in order to improve animal health and performance. |
Prevention of periconceptional reproductive failure in animals via supplementation of diet with various sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids
Prevencia reprodukčného zlyhania v období pripúšťania zvierat prostredníctvom skrmovania kŕmnych aditív s vysokým obsahom polynenasýtených mastných kyselín
| Duration: |
1.7.2023 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
MVDr. Fabian Dušan DrSc. |
| Annotation: | In recent decades, many studies have reported a worrisome decrease in the reproductive performance of farm animals. Dietary lipid supplementation can be a good strategy to reduce the extent of reproductive failure. Oilseed meals and cakes, derived from seed oil extraction, represent interesting co-products usable for such purposes. The main aim of the project will be to evaluate the effect of diet supplementation with flaxseed and camelina cake, important sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), on the ability to conceive and to reduce early embryo loss in two model animals - pubertal gilts and mouse females. Experimental animals will be fed a PUFAs supplemented diet for several weeks during the preconception period. After assessment of basic reproductive parameters, biochemical alterations in the microenvironment of developing germ cells and the impact of such alterations on antioxidant activity and membrane integrity of oocytes and proliferative and reparative activity of preimlantation embryos will be evaluated. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the impact of diet supplementation, expression of relevant molecules (receptors for hormones, prostaglandins, biosynthetic enzymes, regulatory proteins, etc.) in oocytes, embryos and tissues of the reproductive tract will be assessed. Furthermore, the protective potential of diet supplementation by PUFAs in reproductive disorders related to aging and oxidative stress in vitro will be assessed. Study will bring novel information on the mechanisms underlying the impact of PUFAs on ovulation and early embryonic development. Furthemore, acquired knowledge would result in targeted use in livestock production and veterinary practice. |
Causes and consequences of birdsong variability
Príčiny a dôsledky variability spevu spevavcov
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Niederová-Kubíková Ľubica PhD. |
| Annotation: | The ability of songbirds to imitate conspecific sounds shares similarities with human speech. Species vary in both
the size of their repertoire and the variability of their songs. The aim of this project is to investigate the causes of
the variability and its significance. As higher song variability is associated with higher neurogenesis, we propose
to investigate whether the elimination of new neurons leads to reduced variability. We will use an
adeno-associated virus to reduce the recruitment of new neurons in vocal regions controlling birdsong and
quantify the viral effects on neurogenesis and songs. We will study the significance of song variability in
non-singing females that learn and recognize songs from different males. We will determine whether they can
recognize songs differing in variability. The results of this project will show whether the function of neurogenesis
in the adult songbirds is to introduce variability into song and whether this variability is of practical importance in
mate choice. |
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Prírodné látky v prevencii moru včelieho plodu
Progressive and new eco-friendly combating strategies against animal bacterial biofilm.
Progresívne a nové ekologické stratégie boja proti animálnym bakteriálnym biofilmom.
| Duration: |
1.1.2025 - 31.12.2028 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Bujňáková Dobroslava PhD. |
| Annotation: | The main objective of the proposed project will be to obtain a new knowledge about the in vitro effect of various
eco-friendly game-changers leading to the modulation of bacterial biofilms in model species of food animal
bacteria i.e. Gamma Proteobacteria (Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas) and Staphylococcus. Research will
be focused on the molecular analysis of biofilm-associated bacteria (virulence and resistance-related genes).
Selected substances will be applied to animal with aim to investigate their effect on intestinal microbiota
composition and bacterial enzymatic activities.
Anti-biofilm properties of selected non-antibiotic biological and chemical substances can help veterinarians in the
future manage treatment of recurrent biofilm-associated infection and moreover progress in alternative strategies
may help to combat (overcome) antibiotic resistance which is consistent with "Farm to Fork" European Union
strategy plans to make the European food system fair, healthy, and more sustainable. |
Lipid transfer proteins – study of molecular mechanisms and their potential as targets in treatment of selected human diseases.
Proteíny prenášajúce lipidy - štúdium molekulárnych mechanizmov a ich možné využitie ako cieľov intervencie pri liečbe niektorých ochorení.
| Duration: |
1.1.2023 - 31.12.2026 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
RNDr. Griač Peter DrSc. |
| Annotation: | The aim of the project is to investigate the molecular mechanisms of selected lipid-transfer proteins and the
possibilities of their use as targets for the treatment of human diseases caused by microorganisms and parasites.
We will focus on two types of diseases: those caused by yeast and fungi, and malaria caused by the protozoan
Plasmodium falciparum. The absence of phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) Pdr16 causes an increase in
the susceptibility of yeast microorganisms to clinically used antifungals. To understand why, we will investigate in
a model organism, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the physiological role and molecular mechanism of
action of the Pdr16 protein and its closely related Pdr17 protein. In P. falciparum, we will study two PITPs with the
CRAL-TRIO structural domain that these proteins share with S. cerevisiae Sec14p. We will take advantage of the
knowledge that Sec14p can be inhibited by molecules, some of which are under clinical investigation as potential
antifungals. |
Revolutionizing Cancer Diagnostics: Utilizing Aptamer-Based miRNA Sensors for Fast and Direct Detection
Revolučná diagnostika rakoviny: Využitie miRNA senzorov na báze aptamérov na rýchlu a priamu detekciu
| Duration: |
1.9.2025 - 31.8.2029 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Poturnayová Alexandra PhD. |
| Annotation: | The APTAmiR project is centered on the creation and validation of aptamer-based biosensors designed to detect microRNA and exosome in blood samples, with the objective of enhancing early cancer diagnosis. The biosensors will be developed using specific oligonucleotide aptamers, which offer key benefits such as high selectivity, strong binding affinity, and stability. The project will follow a structured approach, including the design and selection of aptamers, the optimization of biosensor functionality, and the testing of the biosensors with patient-derived samples. The fabrication of the sensors will involve the immobilization of the aptamers on either solid gold surfaces or gold nanoparticles that have been modified. The effectiveness of the biosensors will be measured in terms of sensitivity, specificity, selectivity, and reproducibility. The detection limits and linear ranges of the biosensors will be benchmarked against conventional diagnostic techniques. The successful implementation of these biosensors has the potential to advance early disease detection, support clinical diagnostics, and improve therapeutic decision making. |
Monitoring the cytotoxic effect of two synthetic isothiocyanates, 1,4-chlorophenyl isothiocyanate and 1,4-chlorobenzyl isothiocyanate on human leukemia cells
Sledovanie cytotoxického účinku dvoch syntetických izotiokyanátov 1,4-chlorofenyl izotiokyanátu a 1,4-chlorobenzyl izotiokyanátu na ľudské leukemické bunky
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Sledovanie postbiotického účinku enterocínov na meticilín-rezistentné stafylokoky in vivo
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Sledovanie potenciálne nežiadúcich účinkov nanočastíc zinku používaných vo výžive prežúvavcov
| Duration: |
1.1.2025 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
DoktoGrant |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Bombárová Alexandra |
| Annotation: | In recent years, zinc nanoparticles have been used with increasing frequency due to potentially greater zinc absorption and bioavailability than that observed for traditional inorganic forms. The presented project proposal is
focused on the effect of zinc nanoparticles as mineral supplements in animal diets on the antioxidant status as well as their adverse effect during long-term treatment. The impact of the zinc nanoparticles added to diets at doses up to the maximum EU authorised total Zn level for sheep, on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress
indicators in plasma and tissues of lambs will be investigated. The inflammatory responses in serum and feces, histological changes in tissues, and animal performance will be monitored as well. The proposed project will provide
new knowledge in the field of mineral nanoparticles used as feed additives in animal nutrition in order to improve the
health and production of farm animals, but it also brings new questions related to their potential adverse effect in the
organism or the metabolic fate of nanoparticles in animal tissues. |
The effect of combined therapy of cisplatin and isothiocyanates on the multidrug resistance phenotype in human leukemia cells
Sledovanie účinku kombinovanej terapie cisplatiny a izotiokyanátov na fenotyp mnohonásobnej rezistencie v ľudských leukemických bunkách
| Duration: |
1.7.2024 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
PostdokGrant |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Kontár Szilvia PhD. |
| Annotation: | Chemotherapy is currently considered the most effective modality for the treatment of various types of cancer. A
serious obstacle to successful cancer treatment is the development of multidrug resistance (Multidrug Resistance,
MDR) to a wide range of structurally and functionally different xenobiotics. MDR is often associated with increased
expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which eliminates chemotherapeutic agents from the intracellular to the
extracellular space of the neoplastic cell, which usually leads to treatment failure or disease recurrence. The effort of
the scientific community is the development of a safe strategy to overcome, or preventing P-gp-mediated MDR and
improving the survival rate of cancer patients. The use of isothiocyanates (ITCs), biologically active products of
glucosinolates, originating primarily from plants of the genus Brassicaceae, appears to be a promising option. The
lipophilic and electrophilic character of ITCs ensures their rapid absorption and high bioavailability, thanks to which
they can apply their pharmacological benefits related to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardio- and
neuroprotective, as well as chemopreventive activity of these substances. The cytotoxic effect of higher
concentrations of aliphatic ITCs - sulforaphane (SFN) and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on mouse leukemia cells, which
leads to the induction of autophagy, respectively apoptosis, even if the cells showed an MDR phenotype, we also
confirmed in our laboratory. Current research shows to the possibility of using ITCs as a combined treatment with
clinically used antineoplastic agents, which, in addition to reducing side effects and improving the effectiveness of
chemotherapeutics, can lead to overcoming chemoresistance. In the context of this idea, in the presented project I
will focus on monitoring the possible use of two ITCs (aliphatic sulforaphane (SFN) and aromatic
benzylisothiocyanate (BITC)) as supporting agents in potentiating the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin (CisPt), to which
cells with an MDR phenotype based on overexpression of the efflux membrane pump P-gp show a lower sensitivity,
although CisPt is not a substrate of this transporter. |
The effect of UV-B radiation on DNA damage and repair mechanisms in the P-glycoprotein-expressing L1210 cell line
Sledovanie vplyvu UV-B žiarenia na poškodenie DNA a reparačných mechanizmov v bunkovej línií L1210 exprimujúcej P-glykoproteín
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Špecifické zmeny v expresii niektorých génov zahrnuté v rozvoji rezistencie leukemických buniek voči xenobiotikám
RNA structural determinant of Alus exonization
Štrukturálne usporiadanie pre-mRNA nevyhnutné pre exonizáciu Alu
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Štúdium fylogenomických vzťahov a možností biologickej prevencie Paenibacillus larvae moru včelieho plodu u Apis mellifera
Study of processes associated with bull sperm maturation
Štúdium procesov asociovaných s maturáciou býčích spermií
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Jankovičová Jana PhD. |
| Annotation: | In mammals, fertilization can be characterized as a complex process, a sequence of several highly ordered events. The prerequisite for gamete fusion is their morphological and functional maturity. The project aims to study the molecules involved in the maturation of male gametes, i.e. the processes from sperm development in the process of spermatogenesis in the testis, sperm maturation in the epididymis to ejaculation. The aim of the project is to analyse proteins and lipids in spermatozoa at different stages of maturity, somatic cells of male reproductive organs and extracellular vesicles, and we will study their glycosylation modifications, distribution and dynamics using the bovine as a model organism. With the intention of studying the process of sperm capacitation, we will attempt to develop an optimal method to detect the capacitation status of bovine spermatozoa. The results obtained may contribute to understanding the physiology of mammalian reproduction as a whole under physiological and pathological conditions. |
Effect of low-frequency ultrasound in the treatment of wounds tested on a CAM model of Japanese quail
Účinky nízkofrekvenčného ultrazvuku pri liečbe rán testované na modeli CAM prepelice japonskej
| Duration: |
1.1.2025 - 31.12.2028 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Máčajová Mariana PhD. |
| Annotation: | The treatment of infected wounds is one of the challenges in veterinary medicine. At the time of increasing antimicrobial resistance, other therapies are needed. Our project aims to develop in vivo model for research and treatment of infections. We will apply sonodynamic therapy using low-frequency ultrasound on a Japanese quail chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Sonodynamic therapy is a therapeutic method that combines ultrasound and chemicals called sonosensitizers. Similar to photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses light to activate photosensitizers, sonodynamic therapy uses for activation ultrasound. In the context of combination therapy, we also want to analyze other processes induced by low-frequency ultrasound, such as sonophoresis and hyperthermia. After therapy, we will monitor angiogenic changes in CAM tissue, expression of selected genes, as well as histological and immunohistochemical changes. The results obtained have potential applications in the treatment of wounds or superficial infections. |
The role of phosphatidylglycerol in attenuation of inflammation
Úloha fosfatidylglycerolu v potláčaní zápalu
| Duration: |
1.1.2022 - 31.12.2025 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Balážová Mária PhD. |
| Annotation: | In the context of current SARS-CoV-2 infections and accompanying pulmonary complications, attention needs to be focused on all aspects of the respiratory system. The virus is causing damage to type II alveolar cells, thus drastically reducing the production of lung surfactant lipids and proteins that are essential for respiration and their secretion into alveolar space. Understanding the defense mechanisms of the lungs plays a crucial role in responding to infection. One of the critical consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The main objective of this project is to contribute to the knowledge about the potential use of valproic acid to induce the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol in the pulmonary surfactant. We hypothesize that intracellularly increased phosphatidylglycerol level could suppress inflammatory responses in our A549 alveolar tumor cell model and similarly in patients with ARDS. |
The role of DNA repair proteins in gene repression
Úloha proteínov DNA opravy v génovej represii
| Duration: |
1.7.2022 - 30.6.2026 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia PhD. |
| Annotation: | Eukaryotic cells have evolved two mechanistically distinct pathways to repair double-strand breaks during mitosis: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). More recently, HR proteins have been shown to play critical roles in maintaining genome integrity during DNA replication. Additionally, our latest research showed that Dbl2 protein along with other HR proteins act in concert with HIRA histone chaperone to assemble repressive chromatin near hard-to-replicate sites. Notably, cells lacking either HR proteins or HIRA factors exhibited increased levels of antisense RNA and RNA from the LTR retrotransposons and subtelomeric genes. Furthermore, the localization of the misregulated genes significantly correlated with repetitive DNA elements such as LTRs. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains largely unknown. In this project, we propose that the observed repression of gene expression is an integral part of the recombination-dependent replication pathway. We postulate that Sap1 binding to LTRs blocks replication fork progression and results in stalled or collapsed replication forks. Collapsed replication forks are remodeled and relocated to nuclear periphery. The relocation of damaged DNA to nuclear periphery can provide an access to a set of factors necessary for particular pathways of DNA repair. At nuclear periphery both imprecise NHEJ and break-induced replication pathways are favored. After the repair, the affected hard-to-replicate sites might be quickly silenced by factors such as HIRA to avoid a toxic gene expression. In this project, we intend to use classical genetics, high-resolution microscopy and advanced methods based on whole genome sequencing such as MNase-seq and ChIP-seq to obtain a more quantitative picture of chromatin dynamics. We believe that the findings of this research will have broad implications to the field of cancer research and cell division. |
Physiopathology of T-type calcium channels in motor neuron function
Úloha T-typu vápnikových kanálov v patofyziológii motorických neurónov
Computational Modeling of Neurons: HCN and Calcium Channels in Excitability & Depression
Výpočtové modelovanie neurónov: HCN a kalciové kanály v excitabilite & depresii
| Duration: |
1.10.2024 - 30.6.2026 |
| Program: |
|
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Tomko Matúš PhD. |
| Annotation: | Mental disorders, including depression, are serious public health problems. Particular attention needs to be paid to women during pregnancy, when hormonal fluctuations make women more vulnerable to stress and mood disorders. The negative effects of maternal depression on the offspring have been described on a number of different levels, ranging from changes in behaviour to anatomical changes in individual structures of the brain. Particular attention has been paid to the hippocampus, the centre of memory and cognition. Along with the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus is vulnerable to stress. Changes in the excitability of hippocampal neurons of offspring as a result of maternal depression have also been observed in the Department of Biophysics and Electrophysiology at the Centre of Biosciences. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the molecular determinants and signalling pathways underlying these changes.
The aim of this project is to explain the observed changes in neuronal excitability by changes at the level of ion channels, specifically HCN and voltage-gated calcium channels, using computational modelling techniques. In addition, we will investigate whether maternal depression can affect key functions of hippocampal neurons such as resonance, temporal coding or coincidence detection. The data and models will be integrated into the EBRAINS, European research infrastructure. This will ensure their accessibility and potential use by other researchers. The project is also in line with the 3Rs principles of reduction of animal testing. By combining computer modelling, multi-objective optimisation techniques and statistical methods, the project will go beyond the current state of the art. Instead of an average model, a whole population of neurons will be created and studied to cover biological variability. Furthermore, the project will generate testable predictions. |
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Využitie netradičných agro-priemyselných vedľajších produktov ako kŕmnych aditív pri ekologickom chove oviec
Use of recombinant enzymes with thioglucosidase activity for the transformation of plant glucosinolates and their analogues into biologically active substances with preventive and suppressive effect on neoplasia development
Využitie rekombinantných enzýmov s tioglukozidázovou aktivitou na transformáciu rastlinných glukozinolátov a ich analógov na biologicky aktívne látky s preventívnym a supresívnym účinkom na rozvoj neoplázie.
Development of the polymeric carriers for mRNA delivery to different cells and through blood-tissue barriers
Vývoj polymérnych nosičov pre transport mRNA do rôznych typov buniek a z krvi cez tkanivové bariéry
Bridging Borders in Membrane Science: A Multinational Study on Synthetic Lipid Systems and Vesicles
Za hranice membrán vďaka cezhraničnej medzinárodnej spolupráci
| Duration: |
1.7.2025 - 30.6.2027 |
| Program: |
SRDA |
| Project leader: |
Ing. Poturnayová Alexandra PhD. |
| Annotation: | Phospholipid bilayers are the molecular basis of biological membranes that surround all living organisms, but also other biologically relevant objects such as liposomes or extracellular particles. Many important processes, such as oxidative stress, infection, and metabolism, take place at this interface. It is therefore a good idea to develop methods for this area, which naturally starts with synthetic bilayers as a readily available model of a biological membrane and then proceeds to membranes created by biological processes, e.g. membranes that enclose particles or cells. The overall goal of the project is to improve the understanding of the behavior and mutual interactions in different environments and under different conditions of synthetic phospholipid membranes and their associated vesicular systems using state-of-the-art biophysical techniques: atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. |
DNA methylation changes accompanying the development of multidrug resistance
Zmeny metylácie DNA sprevádzajúce rozvoj viacliekovej rezistencie
| Duration: |
1.1.2024 - 31.12.2027 |
| Program: |
VEGA |
| Project leader: |
Mgr. Pavlíková Lucia PhD. |
| Annotation: | The development of multidrug resistance (MDR), mediated by the overexpression of ABC transporters, represents a real obstacle to overcome in cancer chemotherapy. The MDR phenotype is also accompanied by the activation of other defense mechanisms that protect the cell from damage by cytostatics, including those that are not substrates of ABC transporters. These mechanisms may be of dual origin. They may be directly related to the presence of ABC transporters in the cells due to common mechanisms controlling their induction, or they may have developed due to the selection pressure of cystostatics during treatment but independently of the induction of ABC transporter expression. Alterations in the methylation of promoter regions of genes, the modulation of which may be involved in the emergence of multidrug resistance, may be responsible for the wide variability in cellular responses to cytostatic-induced chemical stress and the frequently observed changes in the state of cell differentiation. |
The total number of projects: 64
