CLAYS AS CATALYST AND REAGENT SUPPORTS

Rok, strany: 1994, 45 - 56

Applications of clay minerals as supports for platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, nickel and copper metallic catalysts are described. The expanding clays are usually the most effective supports for metallic catalysts and, in some cases, the lamellar structure of the support confers useful size and shape selectivity to these catalysts. The expanding clays are also highly suitable for supporting catalytically active metal complex ions, frequently offering activity advantages over other supports, and size and shape selectivity advantages over the homogeneous analogues. Clay minerals are also finding uses as supports for simple metal salt catalysts and reagents, in oxidation, alkylation, acylation and other reactions. The activities of some of these salts (e.g. ZnCl₂) are enhanced through deposition on clay-based supports. Although commercially available acid-treated clays have most often been employed as supports for this type of catalyst/reagent, the structural requirements for the support vary widely and maximum activity generally requires ''tuning'' of the support for individual adsorbed salts. Acid-treated clays have also been used as supports for microwave-activated organic reactions in the absence of solvent. The high reactivities achieved under these conditions are in part due to the stability of the clay supports towards intense microwave fields. Further enhanced reactivites may be possible with optimised acid-clay supports.

ISO 690:

R. Brown, D. 1994. CLAYS AS CATALYST AND REAGENT SUPPORTS. In Geologica Carpathica Clays, vol. 3, no.1, pp. 45-56.

APA:

R. Brown, D. (1994). CLAYS AS CATALYST AND REAGENT SUPPORTS. Geologica Carpathica Clays, 3(1), 45-56.