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Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics


Volume 50 / No. 3 / 2002

J.Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002, p. 185
Scientific Paper, English Language
Buchtele J., Buchtelova M., Cisse Y.: Investigation of changes in rainfall-runoff process in a hilly basin using different modelling tools, (Zkoumani zmen srazko-odtokoveho procesu v horskem povodi s vyuzitim ruznych hydrologickych modelu)

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  • Land use change is a phenomenon appearing in many part of world, not only in a local scale, but also at global level. This phenomenon can be resulting from climatic variation or from human activities on the land surface. It is rightfully assumed that the vegetation cover has a key impact on the rainfall-runoff process. For instance induced deforestation may cause disastrous flood; (after the flood in the Odra River and the Morava River basin in 1997 this phenomenon has been frequently disscussed). Among the appropriate tools to study the rainfall-runoff process changes are hydrological models. In the present work, three lumped conceptual models have been used, each emphasizing more or less processes which contribute to the water cycle on the landscape and in deeper zones. The model SAC-SMA, the BROOK´90 and the TOP-model have been used for the investigation in the hilly basin of Vltava River at Lenora. A daily time step has been used for all the models. Although the models have different structures, their results indicate similar tendency in runoff differences.


    KEY WORDS: rainfall-Runoff Process, Land Use Changes, SAC-SMA, BROOK´90, TOP-model.

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    Address: Doc. Ing. Josef Buchtele, CSc., Ing. Marie Buchtelova, CSc., Dr. Youssouf Cisse, Institute of Hydrodynamics AS CR, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Praha 6, Czech Republic.

    J.Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002, p. 198
    Scientific Paper, English Language
    Darko, P. K.: Estimation of natural direct groundwater recharge in southwest Ghana using water balance simulations, (Odhad prirozeneho doplnovani podzemni vody v jihozapadni casti Ghany pouzitim simulace hydrologicke bilance

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  • The Sacramento soil moisture-accounting model has been used to simulate the discharges of a major catchment (Pra river basin) in southern Ghana. Through the simulation it was possible to assess the temporal variability of evapotranspiratio, base flow proportions and groundwater in storage, as well as the average groundwater recharge to the weathered aquifers. Groundwater recharge was estimated by considering the measured discharge of groundwater across the boundary of the basin over periods of equivalent storage, to be equal to the net recharge inside the catchment. The direct groundwater recharge rate over the basin of area 22,836 km2 amounted to an annual average of 50 mm. This represented 4 % of mean annual rainfall of 1300 mm, giving natural groundwater resources potential of 1.6 l s-1 km-2. For regional groundwater resources assessment, the results obtained could be applied to other river basins in southwest Ghana.


    KEY WORDS: Groundwater Recharge, Base Flow, Hydrologic Budget, Interflow, Conceptual Modelling.

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    Address: Dr. Philip K. Darko, Water Research Institute, CSIR, P.O.Box M 32, Accra, Ghana, mailto: wri@ghana.com; philipdarko@hotmail.com

    J.Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002, p. 213
    Scientific Paper, English Language
    Holzmann H., Kuraz V., Nachtnebel H. P., Wakonig B.: Comparison and reliability of different techniques for riverbed infiltration measurement, (Srovnani metod mereni infiltrace ricnim dnem a jejich spolehlivost)

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  • Groundwater and surface water interaction play an important role for groundwater recharge, drought management and water quality issues. Based on a case study in Lower Austria different techniques for estimation of riverbed infiltration were applied. The aim was to assess the impact of upstream release flow directions for the downstream sections. Due to the fact of large streambed conductivities, infiltration losses considerably contribute to the water balance of the system. The applied methods dealt with empirical infiltration formulas based on sediment particle size distribution, soil physical analysis, difference discharge measurements along river branches and point measurements of infiltration by means of double ring infiltrometer and riverbed lysimeter. Awaring the fact that the infiltration processes vary in space and time the gained results formed a basis for definition of potential values of infiltration. It could be concluded, that for the investigated environment the different methods exhibited comparable results with the exception of the empirical formulas, which tend to significantly overestimate the average values.


    KEY WORDS: Riverbed Infiltration, Infiltration Measurements, Riverbed Lysimeter, Double Ring Infiltrometer, Empirical Infiltration Formulas.

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    Address: H. Holzmann, H. P. Nachtnebel, B. Wakonig, Dept. for Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Univ. for Agricultural Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. V. Kuraz, Dept. of Irrigation, Drainage and Landscape Engineering, Czech Technical University, Thakurova 7, 166 29 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

    J.Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002, p. 233
    Review, Czech Language
    Stehlik J., Bubenickova L.: Vztahy mezi vodni hodnotou snehu v zalesnenem terenu a na otevrenem prostranstvi v experimentalnich povodich Jizerskych hor, (Relationships between the snow water equivalent in the forest and open areas in the experimental basins in the Jizera mountains)

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  • The study deals with the analyses of long-term snow measurements performed in the top-parts of the Jizera Mts. The homogenity of the measured data and the relationship between the snow cover parameters and elevation are tested. The main task is to determine the amount of snow sotrage in forest based on the measurements in open areas. It was proved that: i) the relationships can be defined by means of simple linear regression, ii) the resulting equations differ during the winter season depending on snow accumulation and snow melting periods respectively. The results re the first step in the research which will continue with analyses from other sites in Jizera mountains and new established measurements in the selected climatological stations.


    KEY WORDS: Snow Water Equivalent, Snow Water Storage, Forest and Open Area, the Jizera Mts.

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    Address: RNDr. Jiri Stehlik, PhD., Ing. Libuse Bubenickova, Cesky hydrometeorologicky ustav, Oddeleni experimentalni hydrologie, Na Sabatce 17, 143 06 Praha 4, Ceska republika.

    J.Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002, p. 247
    Review, English Language
    Snehota M., Cislerova M., Robovska A.: Automated se-up designed to measure hydraulic parameters in heterogeneous soil close to saturation, (Automatizovana sestava pro mereni hydraulickych parametru heterogennich pud v blizkosti nasyceni)

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  • Uncertainty in estimation of hydraulic conductivity function from the retention curve limits the possibility of accurate quantitative predictions of water flow in natural heterogeneous porous media. Experiments were conducted on large undisturbed soil samples to measure hydraulic conductivity function directly. As a next stage, an enhanced set-up with fully automated data acquisition was developed to allow long infiltration-outflow experiments under variable saturated conditions. To control the upper boundary condition the tension infiltration disc is used. The inflow and the outflow rate are recorded continuously. The soil water pressure heads are measured at three different heights. Continuous weighing of the sample during the experiment monitors changes in the soil water content. For undisturbed soil sample of coarse sandy loam, a sequence of experimental runs was performed, each represented by a constant suction pressure head applied to the soil surface. The initial conditions of each run were the same. All experimental runs show several noticeable stages, the bulk soil water content changes during those stages are presented here. Automation of the experimental set-up allowed the extension of the experiment duration and improved the accuracy of the data. Because of the long experiment duration, remarkable phenomenons were observed.


    KEY WORDS: Heterogeneous Soil, Automated Set-up, Tension Infiltration, Ponded Infiltration.

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    Address: Ing. Michal Snehota, doc. Ing. Milena Cislerova, CSc., Ing. Alice Robovska, PhD., CTU, Fa. of Civli Engng., Dept. of Irrigation, Drainage and Landscape Engng, Thakurova 7, 166 29 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

    J.Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002, p. 258
    Review, English Language
    Ruzicka M., Hejzlar J., Mikesova P., Cole T. M.: 2-D water quality modelling of a drinking water reservoir, (Simulace kvality vody ve vodarenskych nadrzich)

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  • Management of reservoirs for drinking water supply should be based on a thorough knowledge of water quality changes within variable conditions of hydrology, climate, nutrient loading and water storage. The two-dimensional longitudinal water quality model CE-QUAL-W2 was tested for its ability to predict concentrations of organic matter and trophic conditions in Rimov Reservoir, a small dimictic reservoir (volume 33,000,000 m3, maximum depth 43 m, hydraulic retention time 40 to 160 d) suffering from seasonally increased concentrations of humic substances and symptoms of eutrophication. The model was calibrated on two seasonal courses differing in hydrology and validated on a 1074 day period. The averages of absolute mean errors between simulated and measured vertical profiles of temperature, and concentrations of dissolved organic matter, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a in the validation run were 0.9 °C, 0.8 mg l-1, 1.2 mg l-1 and 0.008 mg l-1, respectively. Analysis of results and sensitivity analysis of modelling phytoplankton and phosphorus showed suitability of the mathematical description of their dynamics in the photic zone but not in the deeper layers. In spite of this partial problem, the model was found appropriate for the reliable predictions of water quality dynamics in Rimov Reservoir.


    KEY WORDS: CE-QUAL-W2, Coupled Hydrodynamic-Ecological Model, Dimictic Stratified Reservoir, Sensitivity Analysis, Validation.

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    Address: Ing. Martin Ruzicka, CSc., Institute of Hydrodynamics AS CR, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic, mailto: ruzickam@esnet.cz Ing. Josef Hejzlar, CSc., Petra Mikesova, Hydrobiological Institute AS CR and Faculty of Biological Sciences USB, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic, mailto: hejzlar@hbu.cas.cz Thomas M. Cole,USACE, Waterways Experiment Station, Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg MS, USA.

    J.Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002, p. 273
    Discussion, Slovak Language
    Turcan J.: Niekolko poznamok k odpovedi Pavla Urcikana, (Comment to the Discussion published in Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 50, 2002, 2, 172 - 179)

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    Address: Ing. Jozef Turcan, CSc., Komarnicka 24, 821 03 Bratislava.

    J.Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002, p. 275
    Information, Slovak Language
    Pacl J.: Ste vyrocie narodenia hydrologa a vodohospodara Ota Duba, (Slovak hydrologist Oto Dub was born 100 years ago)

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    Address: RNDr. Juraj Pacl, CSc., Zelivska 342, 394 46 Cervena Recice, Czech Republic.

    J.Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002, p. 278
    Information, Slovak Language
    Sutor J.,: Viliam Novak jubiluje, (Viliam Novak is sixty)

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    KEY WORDS: Data not available

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    Address: RNDr. Julius Sutor, DrSc., Ustav hydrologie SAV, Racianska 75, P. O. Box 94, 838 11 Bratislava, Slovenska republika.

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