Electronic Library of Scientific Literature



SOCIOLÓGIA



Volume 30, 1998, No. 2, p. 113-248



Obsah

Štúdie
Kvasničková, Adela: Proti stereotypom obrazu sociológie náboženstva a kresťanskej sociológie na Slovensku do r. 1948
Laiferová, Eva: Problematika národa v náboženskej sociológii na Slovensku v prvej polovici 20. storočia
Turčan, Ľudovít: Sociálna otázka v kresťanskej sociológii na Slovensku v prvej polovici 20. storočia
Matzner, Egon: Pád múru - Socioekonomická interpretácia jeho následkov

Rozhľady
Gajdoš, Peter: K niektorým súvislostiam transformácie bývania na Slovensku

Informácie
Kusá, Zuzana: Wallersteinove listy členom svetového sociologického spoločenstva
Wallerstein, Immanuel: Prezidentské listy
Macháček, Ladislav: Mládež a nezamestnanosť v Európe
Hírešová, Alena: Päť rokov časopisu Práca a sociálna politika

Recenzie
Nové podoby verejnej správy (Slovenská a flámska skúsenosť) (Dagmar Petríková)
Salner, Peter: Prežili Holocaust (Zuzana Kusá)
Botíková, Marta - Švecová, Soňa - Jakubíková, Kornélia: Tradície slovenskej rodiny (Ivan Chorvát)
Hayek, Friedrich August: Osudná domýšlivost. Omyly socializmu (The Fatal Conceit. The Errors of Socialism) ( Denisa Luknárová)
Halbwachs, Maurice: Pôvod náboženského vedomia podľa E. Durkheima (Eva Laiferová)


Contents

Studies
Kvasničková, Adela: Against the Stereotyped Representations of the Slovak Sociology of Religion and Christian Sociology before 1948
Laiferová, Eva: Issue of Nation in the Slovak Religious Sociology in the First Half of the 20th Century
Turčan, Ľudovít: Social Issue in the Slovak Christian Sociology in the First Half of the 20th Century
Matzner, Egon: The Fall of the Wall. A SocioEconomic Interpretation of the end of Systems Competition

Horizons
Gajdoš, Peter: Selected Interrelations of the Housing Transformation in Slovakia

Information
Kusá, Zuzana: Wallerstein's letters to the members of International Sociological Association
Wallerstein, Immanuel: Presidential letters
Macháček, Ladislav: Youth and Unemployment in Europe
Hírešová, Alena: Five years of the journal Work and Social Politics (Práca a sociálna politika)

Reviews
New Forms of Public Administration (Slovak and Flemish Experience) (Dagmar Petríková)
Salner, Peter: They Survived Holocaust (Zuzana Kusá)
Botíková, Marta - Švecová, Soňa - Jakubíková, Kornélia: Traditions of Slovak Family (Ivan Chorvát)
Hayek, Friedrich August: The Fatal Conceit. The Errors of Socialism (Denisa Luknárová)
Halbwachs, Maurice: Origin of Religious Consciousness by E. Durkheim (Eva Laiferová)


Proti stereotypom obrazu sociológie náboženstva a kresťanskej sociológie na Slovensku do r. 1948

Adela Kvasničková
Katedra sociológie FF UK, Bratislava

Against the Stereotyped Representations of the Slovak Sociology of Religion and Christian Sociology before 1948.The paper presents the analysis of extensive works of religious sociology and sociology of religion published in Slovakia till 1950. Its aim is to compare the stereotyped representations of this sociological domain with its real state. It shows marked internal differences in the sociology of religion and the religious sociology and poor grounds of the general opinion about backwardness of Christian sociology.
Sociology of religion has first developed in the frame of Christian sociology and in the period of forties it has acquired more scientific and less confessional character. Representation of Christian sociology as the most backward branch of Slovak social thinking is in contradiction with its complex and diverse contents. Its inappropriateness becomes more apparent considering historical experiences with liberalism and communism.
After the year 1948 Slovak social thinking was marked by sharp discontinuity in topics, methods and author`s background from the sociology of religion and Christian sociology. If the statement of discontinuous development holds true for Slovak sociology as a whole, this domain of social thinking gives it the strongest support.

Sociológia 1998 Vol. 30 (No. 2: 115-132)

Adresa: PhDr. Adela Kvasničková, CSc., katedra sociológie FF UK, Gondova 2, 818 01 Bratislava, Slovenská republika. Tel.: +421-7-304 111 kl- 149.


Problematika národa v kresťanskej sociológii na Slovensku v prvej polovici 20. storočia

Eva Laiferová
Katedra sociológie FF UK, Bratislava

Issue of Nation in the Slovak Religious Sociology in the First Half of the Twentieth Century. Historians of Slovak sociology have not analysed the works of religious sociology and social thinking thus far. From the huge array of the works of the Christian sociology (Catholic and Lutheran) of the first half of this century, the author selected the texts that deal with the concept of nation.
First the author tries to make comparative analysis of the interpretations of nation which were worked out by religious sociologists and social thinkers like P. Beňovský, M. Chladný-Hanoš, P. Teriansky, M. Černák, L. Hanus, S. Mečiar to that by A. Hirner. The author shows that the most frequent categories in the texts under study are mainly authority, leader, spiritual leader, national instinct, national ethnic group, national life, the people, value. The category of nation represented for majority of the authors the core category that helped them to express their standpoints to the principal questions of their time. The interpretations of the concept of nation were closely connected to the authors' historical understanding of Slovak national existence, either as a part of "Czechoslovak nation" in sense of T. G. Masaryk' doctrine, or as an independent national unit (that existed during the second world war period). Simultaneously, the modern (that is, not structured by religious tenets) Slovak sociology represented by works of A. Štefánek and young A. Hirner also developed the concept of nation. It accentuated (mainly in Hirner's works) dynamic, systemic and internally interactive character of national community.
Different historical development of Catholicism and Protestantism in Slovakia also mirrored in the different emphasis the Catholic and Lutheran social thinkers gave to the development, mission and function of the nation, as well as their different interpretation of nationalism, especially in relation to the issue of independent state.
The second part of the paper deals with the interpretations of the relation between the state and church in the work of Christian sociologists (P. Teriansky, J. Lajčiak, M. Ivánka, J. Struhárik, K. Körper, M. Černák, M. Chladný-Hanoš, L. Hanus) and in the work of A. Hirner. The author shows that there was not unanimous opinion in this regard even between Christian sociologists. The topic is worked out in the network of the categories as religion, church, Catholic, res. Lutheran church, sacrament, piety, patriotism, patriotic education, principle of nationality, nationalism, etc.. Underlying evaluation principles are in some cases God and religion, in other ones nation and patriotism. In spite of the revealed methodological and conceptual heterogeneity and different level of sociological knowledge, the texts under study can be fruitful for next comparative studies in sociology, history and other social sciences.

Sociológia 1998 Vol. 30 (No. 2: 133-147)

Adresa: PhDr. Eva Laiferová, CSc., katedra sociológie FF UK, Gondova 2, 818 01 Bratislava, Slovenská republika. Tel.: +421-7-304 111, kl- 173. Fax: +4217-366 016, Email: ksoc @ fphil.uniba.sk


Sociálna otázka v kresťanskej sociológii na Slovensku v prvej polovici 20. storočia

Ľudovít Turčan
Sociologický ústav SAV, Bratislava

Social Issue in the Slovak Christian Sociology in the First Half of the Twentieth Century. The origin of the independent state has increased the interest of Slovak social scientists in the topics that could help to explore cultural and institutional specifics of previous historical developments that paved the way to the event of 1993. The research of the Slovak Christian sociology is based on the idea of historically determined a relatively great influence of Christian thinking on intellectual, cultural and social life of Slovak society. The Influence of Christian intelligentsia dominated and religiosity is up till now considered the one of the most stable signs of the spiritual life of Slovak people. The critics who reproached Christian (both Catholic and Lutheran) thinking and acting on the life of Slovak society for its rigidity and unconcern for implementing progressive changes in intellectual and social sphere (J. Záborský, J. Lajčiak), were not accepted with understanding and their ideas were never worked out.
However, social situation, underdeveloped social structure and economy - in comparison to neighbour countries - proved the substantiality of many reproaches. Social issue that in the 19th century provoked socialist and international working movement had been included under its influence into Catholicism (pope social encyclicals) and then by this way to Slovakia. Already the first characteristic trait of this inclusion is the delay of the Christian institutions in implementing this programme, the loss of historical initiative in dealing with the social issue. This delay has been not up till now successfully eliminated. It refers not only to real impacts on social processes but it is product of neo-scholastic cognitive approaches and apology implemented mainly in Catholicism.
The second part of the paper aims at reconstruction of basic findings of Christian sociology that could be used in interpretation of individual problems of Slovak intellectual and social life also in present. The attention is given to the cognitive procedures of Christian sociology. The author shows that it takes experience and "philosophical consideration and inference from revealed truths" as of the same cognitive value. Christian sociologists ascribe the greater importance to normative functions than to the descriptive ones. They reproach modern "profane" sociology for "pure empiricism". Its emphasis on value-free knowledge is regarded by Christian sociologists for the sign of its amorality. These substantial distinctions make the comparison of profane and Christian sociology complex and even peculiar.

Sociológia 1998 Vol. 30 (No. 2: 149-164)

Adresa: PhDr. Ľudovít Turčan, CSc., Sociologický ústav SAV, Klemensova 19, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovenská republika. Tel.: +421-7-326 321, kl. 274, Fax: +421-7-361 312, e-mail: sociolog@sou.savba.sk


Pád múru - Socioekonomická interpretácia následkov

Egon Matzner
Akadémia vied, Výskumné pracovisko pre socioekonómiu, Viedeň

The Fall of the Wall. A socioeconomic interpretation of the end of systems competition. 1989 is a year of spectacular macroevents and profound changes in what Karl Popper called the situation logic of individual behaviour. While the presentation of macroevents, from Tienanmen to the fall of the Berlin Wall, attracted great public and intellectual interest, this cannot be said of the changes at the microlevel of decisionmaking. This is why author takes up that issue. In doing so, he argues that the end of the Cold War, which resulted from the implosion of the Soviet Empire, has brought about a dramatic change in the situational logic of our globe. That this holds true for former communist countries is a truism. But that an upheaval has also occurred in the old Western democracies is not yet fully understood, if at all. Author tries to show that the end of the Cold War has had farreaching consequences for decisions and actions in all spheres of public and private life in the former "West". This has deep bearing on the prospering or decline of western institutions and policies. As the rules of the game in the "West" are now also accepted by the former "East", the consequence are also felt there, though not as acutely as in the "South" of our globe. Author presents his argument in the three parts. In Chapter 1 he attempts to sketch the post1989 socioeconomic context in the western world. In Chapter 2 factors influencing the prospering or decline of institutions are discussed in newly adapted gametheoretic terms. The hypothesis in ventured that during the Cold War systems rivalry provided the "West" with a strong stimulus for cooperation among countries, and within countries among political parties and interest groups. The overriding objective of cooperation was the pursuit of a public purpose, economic. Economic growth and social welfare, the reduction of unemployment or the provision of skills and higher education. With the end of the Cold War this stimulus has gone. It has so far not been replaced by a new one. Thus the end of the Cold War contributed to thrust reversal, a switch from the dominance of positivesum games to hat of negativesum games. As a consequence, Chapter 3 restates the significance of the public purpose and cooperation as a way of achieving it. The staging of cooperation is therefore suggested as the primary objective of politics.

Sociológia 1998 Vol. 30 (No. 2: 165-189)

Adresa: Prof. Egon Matzner, Academy of Sciences, Research Unit for Socio-Economics, Postgasse 7-9, Steige 1-2 Stock, A-1010 Wien, Österreich. Tel.: +43-1-515 81-565, fax: +43-1-515 81-566, e-mail: socioec@oeaw.ac.at


K niektorým súvislostiam transformácie bývania na Slovensku

Peter Gajdoš
Sociologický ústav SAV, Bratislava

Selected Interrelations of the Housing Transformation in Slovakia. Paper deals with the problem of transformation of housing in Slovakia with the emphasis on its specific social, socio-economic and socio-spatial relations. Its aim is to show how far the transformation process in the domain of housing and housing construction has proceeded, and which positive and negative interconnections and effects go with this process. The special emphasis is given on its local (settlements) and regional forms and consequences.
Paper suggests that the previous developmental unbalances in the domain of housing have entered the transformation process and significantly influence its present state. The present housing situation is characterised by value clashes and framed by dynamic increase of changes in housing needs, interests and demands. At the same time there is an increasing tension issuing from unsatisfied quantitative housing needs that are the outcome of the radical restriction of housing construction after the 1990. Author points at paradoxical of situation in which increasing shortage of apartments goes in hand with an ineffective utilisation of available housing situated mainly in villages (countryside). Author analyses the developmental tendencies in housing needs and conditions for their saturation. The objectives of the state conception of housing development are confronted with contradictory actual results and application effects.
Author presents the unbalances typical of the present housing situation and analyses factors and effects of sharpened regional and local differences in available housing, its accessibility and utilisation, economic problems of new housing construction (both in cities and villages) and formation of effective housing market, including social housing. Special part of the paper is devoted to the present state of housing construction in Slovakia and new aspects of housing development in villages that is connected with increasing preferences of living in villages. Finally the author outlines the prognosis of the next housing development that takes in regard present problems and unbalances as well as the fact of the lasting low dynamics in housing construction and not yet implemented the state conception of housing development.

Sociológia 1998 Vol. 30, (No. 2: 191-210)

Adresa: PhDr. Peter Gajdoš, CSc., Sociologický ústav SAV, Klemensova 19, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovenská republika. Tel.: +421-7-3782720, e-mail: socupega@savba.sk