Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Volume 30, 1998, No. 2, p. 113-248
Štúdie
Kvasničková, Adela: Proti stereotypom obrazu sociológie
náboženstva a kresťanskej sociológie na Slovensku do r. 1948
Laiferová, Eva: Problematika národa v náboženskej sociológii
na Slovensku v prvej polovici 20. storočia
Turčan, Ľudovít: Sociálna otázka v kresťanskej sociológii
na Slovensku v prvej polovici 20. storočia
Matzner, Egon: Pád múru - Socioekonomická interpretácia
jeho následkov
Rozhľady
Gajdoš, Peter: K niektorým súvislostiam transformácie
bývania na Slovensku
Informácie
Kusá, Zuzana: Wallersteinove listy členom svetového sociologického
spoločenstva
Wallerstein, Immanuel: Prezidentské listy
Macháček, Ladislav: Mládež a nezamestnanosť v Európe
Hírešová, Alena: Päť rokov časopisu Práca a sociálna politika
Recenzie
Nové podoby verejnej správy (Slovenská a flámska skúsenosť) (Dagmar
Petríková)
Salner, Peter: Prežili Holocaust (Zuzana Kusá)
Botíková, Marta - Švecová, Soňa - Jakubíková, Kornélia: Tradície slovenskej
rodiny (Ivan Chorvát)
Hayek, Friedrich August: Osudná domýšlivost. Omyly socializmu (The Fatal
Conceit. The Errors of Socialism) ( Denisa Luknárová)
Halbwachs, Maurice: Pôvod náboženského vedomia podľa E. Durkheima (Eva
Laiferová)
Studies
Kvasničková, Adela: Against the Stereotyped Representations
of the Slovak Sociology of Religion and Christian Sociology before 1948
Laiferová, Eva: Issue of Nation in the Slovak Religious
Sociology in the First Half of the 20th Century
Turčan, Ľudovít: Social Issue in the Slovak Christian
Sociology in the First Half of the 20th Century
Matzner, Egon: The Fall of the Wall. A SocioEconomic Interpretation
of the end of Systems Competition
Horizons
Gajdoš, Peter: Selected Interrelations of the Housing
Transformation in Slovakia
Information
Kusá, Zuzana: Wallerstein's letters to the members of International
Sociological Association
Wallerstein, Immanuel: Presidential letters
Macháček, Ladislav: Youth and Unemployment in Europe
Hírešová, Alena: Five years of the journal Work and Social Politics (Práca
a sociálna politika)
Reviews
New Forms of Public Administration (Slovak and Flemish Experience)
(Dagmar Petríková)
Salner, Peter: They Survived Holocaust (Zuzana Kusá)
Botíková, Marta - Švecová, Soňa - Jakubíková, Kornélia: Traditions of Slovak
Family (Ivan Chorvát)
Hayek, Friedrich August: The Fatal Conceit. The Errors of Socialism (Denisa
Luknárová)
Halbwachs, Maurice: Origin of Religious Consciousness by E. Durkheim (Eva
Laiferová)
Adela Kvasničková
Katedra sociológie FF UK, Bratislava
Against the Stereotyped Representations of the Slovak Sociology of Religion
and Christian Sociology before 1948.The paper presents the analysis of
extensive works of religious sociology and sociology of religion published
in Slovakia till 1950. Its aim is to compare the stereotyped representations
of this sociological domain with its real state. It shows marked internal
differences in the sociology of religion and the religious sociology and
poor grounds of the general opinion about backwardness of Christian sociology.
Sociology of religion has first developed in the frame of Christian sociology
and in the period of forties it has acquired more scientific and less confessional
character. Representation of Christian sociology as the most backward branch
of Slovak social thinking is in contradiction with its complex and diverse
contents. Its inappropriateness becomes more apparent considering historical
experiences with liberalism and communism.
After the year 1948 Slovak social thinking was marked by sharp discontinuity
in topics, methods and author`s background from the sociology of religion
and Christian sociology. If the statement of discontinuous development
holds true for Slovak sociology as a whole, this domain of social thinking
gives it the strongest support.
Sociológia 1998 Vol. 30 (No. 2: 115-132)
Adresa: PhDr. Adela Kvasničková, CSc., katedra sociológie FF UK, Gondova 2, 818 01 Bratislava, Slovenská republika. Tel.: +421-7-304 111 kl- 149.
Eva Laiferová
Katedra sociológie FF UK, Bratislava
Issue of Nation in the Slovak Religious Sociology in the First Half
of the Twentieth Century. Historians of Slovak sociology have not analysed
the works of religious sociology and social thinking thus far. From the
huge array of the works of the Christian sociology (Catholic and Lutheran)
of the first half of this century, the author selected the texts that deal
with the concept of nation.
First the author tries to make comparative analysis of the interpretations
of nation which were worked out by religious sociologists and social thinkers
like P. Beňovský, M. Chladný-Hanoš, P. Teriansky, M. Černák, L. Hanus,
S. Mečiar to that by A. Hirner. The author shows that the most frequent
categories in the texts under study are mainly authority, leader, spiritual
leader, national instinct, national ethnic group, national life, the people,
value. The category of nation represented for majority of the authors the
core category that helped them to express their standpoints to the principal
questions of their time. The interpretations of the concept of nation were
closely connected to the authors' historical understanding of Slovak national
existence, either as a part of "Czechoslovak nation" in sense
of T. G. Masaryk' doctrine, or as an independent national unit (that existed
during the second world war period). Simultaneously, the modern (that is,
not structured by religious tenets) Slovak sociology represented by works
of A. Štefánek and young A. Hirner also developed the concept of nation.
It accentuated (mainly in Hirner's works) dynamic, systemic and internally
interactive character of national community.
Different historical development of Catholicism and Protestantism in Slovakia
also mirrored in the different emphasis the Catholic and Lutheran social
thinkers gave to the development, mission and function of the nation, as
well as their different interpretation of nationalism, especially in relation
to the issue of independent state.
The second part of the paper deals with the interpretations of the relation
between the state and church in the work of Christian sociologists (P. Teriansky,
J. Lajčiak, M. Ivánka, J. Struhárik, K. Körper, M. Černák, M. Chladný-Hanoš,
L. Hanus) and in the work of A. Hirner. The author shows that there was
not unanimous opinion in this regard even between Christian sociologists.
The topic is worked out in the network of the categories as religion, church,
Catholic, res. Lutheran church, sacrament, piety, patriotism, patriotic
education, principle of nationality, nationalism, etc.. Underlying evaluation
principles are in some cases God and religion, in other ones nation and
patriotism. In spite of the revealed methodological and conceptual heterogeneity
and different level of sociological knowledge, the texts under study can
be fruitful for next comparative studies in sociology, history and other
social sciences.
Sociológia 1998 Vol. 30 (No. 2: 133-147)
Adresa: PhDr. Eva Laiferová, CSc., katedra sociológie FF UK, Gondova 2, 818 01 Bratislava, Slovenská republika. Tel.: +421-7-304 111, kl- 173. Fax: +4217-366 016, Email: ksoc @ fphil.uniba.sk
Ľudovít Turčan
Sociologický ústav SAV, Bratislava
Social Issue in the Slovak Christian Sociology in the First Half of
the Twentieth Century. The origin of the independent state has increased
the interest of Slovak social scientists in the topics that could help
to explore cultural and institutional specifics of previous historical
developments that paved the way to the event of 1993. The research of the
Slovak Christian sociology is based on the idea of historically determined
a relatively great influence of Christian thinking on intellectual, cultural
and social life of Slovak society. The Influence of Christian intelligentsia
dominated and religiosity is up till now considered the one of the most
stable signs of the spiritual life of Slovak people. The critics who reproached
Christian (both Catholic and Lutheran) thinking and acting on the life
of Slovak society for its rigidity and unconcern for implementing progressive
changes in intellectual and social sphere (J. Záborský, J. Lajčiak), were
not accepted with understanding and their ideas were never worked out.
However, social situation, underdeveloped social structure and economy
- in comparison to neighbour countries - proved the substantiality of many
reproaches. Social issue that in the 19th century provoked socialist and
international working movement had been included under its influence into
Catholicism (pope social encyclicals) and then by this way to Slovakia.
Already the first characteristic trait of this inclusion is the delay of
the Christian institutions in implementing this programme, the loss of
historical initiative in dealing with the social issue. This delay has
been not up till now successfully eliminated. It refers not only to real
impacts on social processes but it is product of neo-scholastic cognitive
approaches and apology implemented mainly in Catholicism.
The second part of the paper aims at reconstruction of basic findings of
Christian sociology that could be used in interpretation of individual
problems of Slovak intellectual and social life also in present. The attention
is given to the cognitive procedures of Christian sociology. The author
shows that it takes experience and "philosophical consideration and
inference from revealed truths" as of the same cognitive value. Christian
sociologists ascribe the greater importance to normative functions than
to the descriptive ones. They reproach modern "profane" sociology
for "pure empiricism". Its emphasis on value-free knowledge is
regarded by Christian sociologists for the sign of its amorality. These
substantial distinctions make the comparison of profane and Christian sociology
complex and even peculiar.
Sociológia 1998 Vol. 30 (No. 2: 149-164)
Adresa: PhDr. Ľudovít Turčan, CSc., Sociologický ústav SAV, Klemensova 19, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovenská republika. Tel.: +421-7-326 321, kl. 274, Fax: +421-7-361 312, e-mail: sociolog@sou.savba.sk
Egon Matzner
Akadémia vied, Výskumné pracovisko pre socioekonómiu, Viedeň
The Fall of the Wall. A socioeconomic interpretation of the end of systems competition. 1989 is a year of spectacular macroevents and profound changes in what Karl Popper called the situation logic of individual behaviour. While the presentation of macroevents, from Tienanmen to the fall of the Berlin Wall, attracted great public and intellectual interest, this cannot be said of the changes at the microlevel of decisionmaking. This is why author takes up that issue. In doing so, he argues that the end of the Cold War, which resulted from the implosion of the Soviet Empire, has brought about a dramatic change in the situational logic of our globe. That this holds true for former communist countries is a truism. But that an upheaval has also occurred in the old Western democracies is not yet fully understood, if at all. Author tries to show that the end of the Cold War has had farreaching consequences for decisions and actions in all spheres of public and private life in the former "West". This has deep bearing on the prospering or decline of western institutions and policies. As the rules of the game in the "West" are now also accepted by the former "East", the consequence are also felt there, though not as acutely as in the "South" of our globe. Author presents his argument in the three parts. In Chapter 1 he attempts to sketch the post1989 socioeconomic context in the western world. In Chapter 2 factors influencing the prospering or decline of institutions are discussed in newly adapted gametheoretic terms. The hypothesis in ventured that during the Cold War systems rivalry provided the "West" with a strong stimulus for cooperation among countries, and within countries among political parties and interest groups. The overriding objective of cooperation was the pursuit of a public purpose, economic. Economic growth and social welfare, the reduction of unemployment or the provision of skills and higher education. With the end of the Cold War this stimulus has gone. It has so far not been replaced by a new one. Thus the end of the Cold War contributed to thrust reversal, a switch from the dominance of positivesum games to hat of negativesum games. As a consequence, Chapter 3 restates the significance of the public purpose and cooperation as a way of achieving it. The staging of cooperation is therefore suggested as the primary objective of politics.
Sociológia 1998 Vol. 30 (No. 2: 165-189)
Adresa: Prof. Egon Matzner, Academy of Sciences, Research Unit for Socio-Economics, Postgasse 7-9, Steige 1-2 Stock, A-1010 Wien, Österreich. Tel.: +43-1-515 81-565, fax: +43-1-515 81-566, e-mail: socioec@oeaw.ac.at
Peter Gajdoš
Sociologický ústav SAV, Bratislava
Selected Interrelations of the Housing Transformation in Slovakia. Paper
deals with the problem of transformation of housing in Slovakia with the
emphasis on its specific social, socio-economic and socio-spatial relations.
Its aim is to show how far the transformation process in the domain of
housing and housing construction has proceeded, and which positive and
negative interconnections and effects go with this process. The special
emphasis is given on its local (settlements) and regional forms and consequences.
Paper suggests that the previous developmental unbalances in the domain
of housing have entered the transformation process and significantly influence
its present state. The present housing situation is characterised by value
clashes and framed by dynamic increase of changes in housing needs, interests
and demands. At the same time there is an increasing tension issuing from
unsatisfied quantitative housing needs that are the outcome of the radical
restriction of housing construction after the 1990. Author points at paradoxical
of situation in which increasing shortage of apartments goes in hand with
an ineffective utilisation of available housing situated mainly in villages
(countryside). Author analyses the developmental tendencies in housing
needs and conditions for their saturation. The objectives of the state
conception of housing development are confronted with contradictory actual
results and application effects.
Author presents the unbalances typical of the present housing situation
and analyses factors and effects of sharpened regional and local differences
in available housing, its accessibility and utilisation, economic problems
of new housing construction (both in cities and villages) and formation
of effective housing market, including social housing. Special part of
the paper is devoted to the present state of housing construction in Slovakia
and new aspects of housing development in villages that is connected with
increasing preferences of living in villages. Finally the author outlines
the prognosis of the next housing development that takes in regard present
problems and unbalances as well as the fact of the lasting low dynamics
in housing construction and not yet implemented the state conception of
housing development.
Sociológia 1998 Vol. 30, (No. 2: 191-210)
Adresa: PhDr. Peter Gajdoš, CSc., Sociologický ústav SAV, Klemensova 19, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovenská republika. Tel.: +421-7-3782720, e-mail: socupega@savba.sk