Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
STUDIA PSYCHOLOGICA
Volume 37 / No. 4 / 1995
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DISTRIBUTION OF C.G. JUNG'S PERSONALITY TYPES IN A SPECIFIC PROFESSIONAL GROUP
Imrich RUISEL
Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Dubravska cesta 9, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Abstract: In the study presented we analyzed C.G. Jung's personality types in a selected sample of Slovak population. 175 officers of the Slovak army were given the Myers-Briggs Indicator of Types. Dominance of the ISTJ (42%) and ESTJ (31%) types was found. In the sample studied we noted a preference of ST (84%), TJ (78%) and SJ (77%) functions. Basic characteristics of individuals of the most frequently occurring types were defined. Results are compared to previous findings of the author himself. The author states that the homogenization of the subject selection reduces the number of types in the sample studied.
Key words: Personality types, thinking, extroversion, introversion
pp. 225-228
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A NEURONAL NETWORK MODEL DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN REGULAR AND RANDOM TIMING OF THE INPUT SIGNALS
Juraj PAVLASEK, Juraj POLEDNA, Fedor JAGLA
Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Abstract: An artificial neuronal network is dscribed which processes time intervals between consecutive input signals and channels the activity to the outputs according to their regularity/randomness. The network is composed of the following building blocks: clock, pattern developing modules, dynamic memory units, coincidence detectors, identifiers. Two types of the network organization were proposed: The first with a loop of modules and the second one with a cascade of modules. The model is able to discern differences between successive time intervals larger than 25 ms. Resulting time-dependent channeling of the information flow can represent a key prerequisite for the adequate reaction and decision making in a multialternative environment. It is supposed that the presented model network can simulate processing of the time parameter in integrative activities of the brain in relation to various psychological tasks.
Key words: Artificial neuronal network, time interval discrimination
pp. 229-233
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CHILDREN EXPOSED TO TOXIC EMISSIONS PERFORMING ON STROOP TEST
Alena POTASOVA, Olga AROCHOVA, Jozef DANIEL
Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Dubravska cesta 9, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Abstract: A long term research of a group of 78 children (now aged 12-13 years) living in an area surrounding a lignite power plant (toxic emissions contain mainly As, Pb, Cd, Cl, SO[_x] and NO[_x]) has indicated a slight deficit, compared to the control group, in the performance of these children in cognitive tasks. This deficit, which is believed to be associated with the destructive effect of toxic emissions on the CNS, was confirmed by all subtests of the Stroop test and is interpreted by cognitive psychology concepts.
Key words: Behavioral toxicology, cognitive performance, Stroop test
pp. 235-239
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OUTLINE OF THE CONCEPT OF ALCOHOL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
Viliam BIRO
Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Dubravska cesta 9, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Abstract: In our theoretical model of alcohol neuropsychological structure (ANPS) we are trying to reveal a possible mechanism in the occurrence and development of alcohol dependence. A system approach allows us to abstract from concrete biochemical and neurophysiological deviations and accept these as facts associated with ebriety. We are basing all this on the existence of two-phase states of the neuropsychological system: recidivity and short term abstinence in alcoholics with repeated recidivities. We presume that the repetition of the recidivity - remission cycle increases vulnerability and readiness of the neuropsychological system toward phasic transitions. Therefore, the transition into intoxication is sudden, bounce-like, with an immediate onset of the ANPS complex. On the other hand, the revitalization of the neuropsychological system is slow and stage-like, with personal neuropsychological characteristics.
Key words: Alcohol neuropsychological structure, phasic system states, repeated recidivity, paracognition
pp. 241-249
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VISUO-SPATIAL VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL DISCRIMINATION IN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA
Bogdana ALEXANDROVA, Margita TERZIEVA
Institute of Psychology, 39 Vitosha Str., Sofia - 1000, Bulgaria
Higher Medical Institute, Department of Neurology, Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract: Pattern recognition test, composed of unfamiliar meaningless figures, and hierarchical letter stimuli, so organized as to elicit global and analytic perceptual strategy, were administered to 16 dyslexics (13 boys and 3 girls) and 16 age-matched controls (mean age 8 yrs 10 mos.). Dyslexics' performance, significantly worse as a whole, demonstrated a different pattern of correlation between non-verbal figures recognition and complex letter discrimination. The results are discussed in terms of
the development of visuo-perceptual verbal skills and hemispheric shift hypothesis.
Key words: Visuo-spatial verbal and non-verbal discrimination, perception strategy, developmental dyslexia
pp. 251-258
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EFFECT OF ORGANIZED LEARNING ON TEXT UNDERSTANDING AND PROCESSING
Vera BROZOVA
Military Academy Brno, Czech Republic
Abstract: Research was conducted on the effect of organized learning in processing texts titled "Seeing in a vehicle" and "Electrostatic electricity", using a sample of 152 students of the Military Academy in Brno. Organized learning consisted in two types of processing of a written reproduction or a written abstract of the text which was read 3 times. To the control group the text was merely read 3 times; in the meantime the students worked on a search-for-number perception test. The results of didactic tests, carried out at the end, show statistically significant differences to the advantage of the group which participated in the organized learning. Students from these groups were able to grasp greater cognitive units, while in the control group the serial position effect with activation of items at the beginning and end of the text was apparent.
Key words: Text understanding and processing, organized learning, cognitive structures, diagnosing learning activities
pp. 259-268
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COGNITIVE STYLE AND STYLE IN PAINTING
Pavel MACHOTKA, Cynthia Du VAL, Lori FELTON, Florence LANDAU, Lara GOLDENBERG
University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
Abstract: The artist's personality is undoubtedly embodied in his/her work. But, how to identify it? In this research with the aid of computer: The S has been asked to use a computer (after special training) to transform a color photograph of an actual scene into a work of art. E recorded each step in the S's work as well as comments or questions. Besides this a psychodynamic interview and Rorschach projective technique were used to identify the S's style of image-making, his/her wishes, conflicts, etc. The authors discuss three different case studies, i.e. the avoidant style, the detailed style and the style as embodiment of the self.
Key words: Painting, personality, computer processing, Rorschach, cognitive style
pp. 269-277
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METAINDIVIDUAL WORLD
Leonid DORFMAN
Institute of Arts and Culture
18 Gazeta Zvezda St., Perm 614 000, Russia
Abstract: The theory of integral individuality (Merlin, 1986) has contributed substantially to the understanding of human individuality as a complex, hierarchically structured system that is regulated by its own laws and is not reduced to the outside world but rather interacts with it. Our further theoretical studies display integral individuality as possessing features and functions that underlie its duality of qualitative specificity, as indicated by the fact that integral individuality appears both
as an independent system and as a dependent subsystem of other systems simultaneously. Metaindividual world is just drawn as a polysystem consisting of interacting systems of different kinds (individual- ity and meaningful social setting). They interact in such a way that each of them exists as an independent system and creates its subsystems within the other at the same time. The following key points are described in the question of whether metaindividual world can and should be defined: Polycentrism, polydimensionality, polydetermination, polyphony of activity and relativity.
Key words: Integral individuality, metaindividual world, polysystem
pp. 279-286