Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Volume 38, No 4, 1996
Miron ZELINA, Mária BOHONYOVÁ, Ladislav ALBERTY
Pedagogical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Abstract: In the introduction of the study the authors present an overview of the definition of the concept of style. They give their own definition of educational style. In the study itself, they identify educational styles based on the analysis of 79 classroom hours and 24 989 interaction units. Recording classroom hours made it possible to classify each interaction unit into one of 16 categories. The extent to which teachers stimulate the development of cognitive functions, their rewarding and punishing (motivating, accepting), lecturing, talking and the measure of directiveness used in their classrooms were studied. The correlation analysis indicated two basic styles: creative-humanistic style and directive teaching and education style.
Key words: Style, creativity, humanization, motivation,
teacher, education
pp. 215-223
Daniela KUSÁ
Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences,
Dúbravská cesta 9, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Abstract: The paper presents empirical findings concerning: (1) prosocial and antisocial tendencies towards conformity; (2) the qualitative differences in reasoning of prosocial and antisocial deeds. At the same time, an assumption was verified regarding the higher level of moral judgment in gifted/ creative adolescents.
Key words: Creativity, conformity, prosocial behavior,
antisocial behavior, moral reasoning
pp. 225-232
Tomáš KOVÁÈ
Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Drieòová
3, 821 01 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Abstract: The achievements of some Slovak children (age 6 to 10), high-school students, university students, teachers and highly educated adults in the Creativity test by K.K. Urban are compared with German norms. Though the data are not mathematico-statistically evaluated, it seems that the score achieved by slovak ss differs little from German norms.
Key words: Creativity, Urban's creativity test, norms
pp. 233-235
Daniela OSTATNÍKOVÁ, Jolana LAZNIBATOVÁ,
Monika DOHNÁNYIOVÁ
Physiological Institute, Medical School, Comenius University,
Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Research Institute of Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Drieòová
3, 821 02 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Abstract: Testosterone has been shown to have important organizational effects on brain structures during intrauterine development. Optimal organization of brain structures responsible for visuospatial abilities in humans depends on testosterone exposure during early stages of ontogenic development. Testosterone influence on 2-dimensional spatial cognition in prepubertal children was studied. We compared two groups of children: gifted boys and girls (N = 81) from experimental classes of elementary school (mean age 6 years) and control group of normal boys and girls (N = 70) from elementary school (mean age 7.5 years). Testosterone concentrations were measured in saliva, since obtaining saliva is a noninvasive, unstressful procedure, best for investigating young children. The results showed significantly lower testosterone levels in gifted children compared to the control group (p < 0.005). Gifted children reached better performance in spatial-reasoning tests and in this group of children testosterone levels negatively correlated with cognitive performance.
Key words: Salivary testosterone, spatial cognition,
prepubertal children
pp. 237-245
Ervin ŠAVA
Slovak Television - Research and Information Service, Mlynská
dolina, 845 45 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Abstract: Research of TV viewer ratings gives data about time spent watching TV programs. 256 boys and girls aged 5-14 years participated in the research, the results of which make it possible to describe a child viewer. We processed the data about life rhythm of a child viewer, after school activities, leisure time, viewer habits in the morning, in the evening, during the week and days off, data about TV viewer ratings and children's interest in the individual types of programs as well as demographic data about the children. On the basis of factor analysis of the data gathered, we determined five types of boys and girls - TV viewers.
Key words: Children, leisure time activities, typology
of a child viewer
pp. 247-263
Ladislav LOVAŠ, Šárka Trenková
Institute of Social Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Karpatská
5, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
Abstract: The effect of the level of aggression on the evaluation of the victimizer's behavior (hostility, intentionality, responsibility, avoidability) was investigated. The experimental design consisted of a 2 (aggression: high, low) between subject and a 2 (type of incident: hostile, unintended) x 2 (consequence severity: high, low) factorial design. Aggression was measured using the Slovak version of Buss, Perry (1992) The Aggression Questionnaire. It was predicted that differences between more and less aggressive participants in the perception of events will be relatively ambiguous as to the evaluation of the extent of aggression (unintended, low level of consequence severity). This hypothesis was confirmed by the evaluation of the victimizer's responsibility (MANOVA interaction of factors aggression and consequence severity). By the aggressive participants, the victimizer was perceived as more responsible for his actions in hostile incidents with low level of consequence severity. Also, strong effects of the type of incident (MANOVA single factor) on the evaluation of the victimizer's intentionality, responsibility and avoidability were observed. The responsibility of the victimizer was influenced by the consequence severity as a main factor, too.
Key words: Aggression, incident, perception of incident
pp. 265-270
Ivana PIRHÁÈOVÁ
Institute of Social Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Karpatská
5, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
Abstract: The SvN questionnaire determines the sensitivity toward injustice at the cognitive level (attentiveness) and at the emotional level (anger) in an assessment of 16 basic types of injustice in interpersonal relationships. In order to determine the occurrence of the injustice phenomenon in a marriage, a marriage version (SvN-M) of the SvN was prepared. This version was verified on a sample of 142 individuals - 63 married couples and 16 individuals. The aim of the study was to compare the occurrence of the social injustice phenomenon in a marriage and in interpersonal relationships in general, and the verification of the new method.
Key words: Marriage, interpersonal relationships, social
injustice
pp. 271-276
Tatiana TAROÈKOVÁ
Department of Psychology, Philosophical Faculty of the Comenius
University, Gondova 2, 818 01 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Abstract: The study defends the opinion that negative life events, including the most painful life losses, can present an opportunity for personal growth. The author basis her view on J.M. Schneider's model, according to which motivation toward growth is an integral part of the grieving process. This opinion differs from the traditional concepts which claim the grieving process ends with a peaceful acceptance of the loss. The concept of transcendence of life loss is characterized in more detail. Based on professional literature, an overview is presented of numerous empirical studies of positive aspects of life losses. The main direction in which empirical research of transcendence of life losses should go are indicated.
Key words: Life loss, grief, personal growth
pp. 277-282
Damián KOVÁÈ et al.
Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences,
Dúbravská cesta 9, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Abstract: On the occasion of the first national meeting of psychologists in Slovakia after the democratic rebirth of the country (the VIIIth Congress of the Slovak Psychological Society at SASc, Bratislava, May 30-June 1, 1996), the editors of Studia Psychologica conducted a survey. The respondents were all former chairmen of the Slovak Psychological Society (SPS) dating back to its establishment in 1958. They responded in a written form to 7 questions pertaining to the following themes: the overall state of psychology in Slovakia (Czechoslovakia) during the period when they were chairmen of the SPS; organizational results and unattained goals; overall characteristic of the development of psychology in Slovakia from the 1950's to 1980's; positive and negative aspects after 1989; proposals for further development; their own plans for the future.
Key words: History of psychology, Slovak Psychological
Society, oral history, totalitarism, democracy
pp. 283-311