Existenciálny význam slovies byť a mať v slovenčine a bulharčine

Lenka Juhásová

Comparing of lexical meaning of verbs to be and to have in Slovak and Bulgarian language is aim of present paper. Through confrontation of lexical meaning of phrases with this verbs in both languages author obtains three main groups of their lexical signification in analyzes languages; as absolute existence, dispositional existence and positional existence are. In analyzed languages for expression of named meanings verbs to be and to have are used, but their signification is different and possibilities of their usage vary. To expressing of absolute existence, which author undertake as existence that do not depend on any other element, in Slovak language corresponds verb to be and in Bulgarian it is impersonal verb to have. To dispositional existence belongs existence on some place without declaring of this place grammatically. In this case in Slovak language both verbs are used. In Bulgarian language is possible to express this meaning by verb to be and verb to have as well, second one is not only in form of impersonal verb, it figurate also as personal one; in 1st person of plural. Existential denotation is in this case very close to possessive one. The last group, positional existence, is existence that points to existence on particular place, as this place is declared also grammatically by adverb. In Slovak language is used verb to be, verb to have is enriched by addressing of action to some person. In Bulgarian language is used verb to be, even in case of addressing of action, as is followed by pronoun in dative