Immune checkpoints in aggressive breast cancer subtypes

Rok, strany: 2016, 768 - 773

Immune checkpoints are molecules referred to inhibitory pathways in the immune system that play a pivotal role in prevention of autoimmunity and oncogenesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate expression levels of selected immune checkpoints- PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), and PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) in breast cancer patients, suitable for breast conservation and sentinel node biopsy and determine their associations with clinicopathological factors.Expression of the genes coding for PD-1 and PD-L1 was analyzed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens using real-time PCR. mRNA expression levels were determined using beta actin (ACTB) as an endogenous control. There was a trend towards significance between higher PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in triple negative breast cancers (p=0.1). Higher PD-L1 expression was also found in aggressive breast cancer subtypes e.g. triple negative and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) -positive as compared with subtypes with better prognosis such as luminal A and luminal BHER2-negative (p=0.05). There was a trend towards significance in higher PD-1 levels in triple negative and HER-2 positive breast cancers (p=0.1). A statistically significant difference was found between PD-L1 expression and tumor grade (p=0.01). Elevated PD-L1 levels were noted in G3 tumors. Immunogenicity appears to be gaining importance in triple negative and HER2-positive molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and the results in this study provide a basis for further investigation into the role of immune checkpoints in breast cancer. Keywords: immune checkpoints, breast cancer, PD-1, PD-L1

ISO 690:

Zawlik, I., Gablo, N., Szymanska, B., Pawlowska, Z., Chudobinski, C., Chalubinska-Fendler, J., Morawiec, Z., Zielinska-Blizniewska, H., Morawiec-Sztandera, A., Kolacinska, A. 2016. Immune checkpoints in aggressive breast cancer subtypes. In NEOPLASMA, vol. 63, no.5, pp. 768-773. 0028-2685.

APA:

Zawlik, I., Gablo, N., Szymanska, B., Pawlowska, Z., Chudobinski, C., Chalubinska-Fendler, J., Morawiec, Z., Zielinska-Blizniewska, H., Morawiec-Sztandera, A., Kolacinska, A. (2016). Immune checkpoints in aggressive breast cancer subtypes. NEOPLASMA, 63(5), 768-773. 0028-2685.