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Kognitívne skreslenia ako súčasť sprisahaneckých teórií

In: Slovenský národopis / Slovak Ethnology, vol. 63, no. 3
Imrich Ruisel
Detaily:
Rok, strany: 2015, 207 - 223
Jazyk: slo
Kľúčové slová:
judgment, deductive thinking, decision making, conspiracy theories, cognitive biases and fallacies, propaganda, schemata, problem solving; hodnotenie, deduktívne myslenie, rozhodovanie, konšpiračné teórie, kognitívne skreslenia, propaganda, schémy, rieše
Typ článku: Eseje / 3. Essays
Typ dokumentu: PDF
O článku:
The beginnings of modern Greek philosophy have already indicated that man is not a reliable information processor, because he is unable to completely encompass the real world at a cognitive level. Thus, already Plato distinguished between the knowledge of the real true belief (epistémé) and opinion (doxa). F. Bacon assumed that human senses are not the measure of reality. Psychologists A. Tversky and D. Kahneman pointed out that people do not follow rational arguments and set rules in their judgments. Rather, they use heuristics, which are simplified judgment rules that enable quick judgments, often biased by individual’s subjective beliefs. These wrong conclusions induce false ideas or fallacies. There are deductive and inductive fallacies. We contemplate the ratio of cognitive fallacies in forming and existence of conspiracy theories. Deliberate use of fallacies and biases is characteristic of the use of conspiracy theories in propaganda. Wrong judgments are made due to wrong understanding of coincidental events, insufficient processing of the laws of statistical regression and the tendency to search for confirmation. Preferred are verbal techniques in the form of naive and ritualized terms and statements based on unidentifiable fallacies.
The beginnings of modern Greek philosophy have already indicated that man is not a reliable information processor, because he is unable to completely encompass the real world at a cognitive level. Thus, already Plato distinguished between the knowledge of the real true belief (epistémé) and opinion (doxa). F. Bacon assumed that human senses are not the measure of reality. Psychologists A. Tversky and D. Kahneman pointed out that people do not follow rational arguments and set rules in their judgments. Rather, they use heuristics, which are simplified judgment rules that enable quick judgments, often biased by individual’s subjective beliefs. These wrong conclusions induce false ideas or fallacies. There are deductive and inductive fallacies. We contemplate the ratio of cognitive fallacies in forming and existence of conspiracy theories. Deliberate use of fallacies and biases is characteristic of the use of conspiracy theories in propaganda. Wrong judgments are made due to wrong understanding of coincidental events, insufficient processing of the laws of statistical regression and the tendency to search for confirmation. Preferred are verbal techniques in the form of naive and ritualized terms and statements based on unidentifiable fallacies.
Ako citovať:
ISO 690:
Ruisel, I. 2015. Kognitívne skreslenia ako súčasť sprisahaneckých teórií. In Slovenský národopis / Slovak Ethnology, vol. 63, no.3, pp. 207-223. 1339-9357.

APA:
Ruisel, I. (2015). Kognitívne skreslenia ako súčasť sprisahaneckých teórií. Slovenský národopis / Slovak Ethnology, 63(3), 207-223. 1339-9357.