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CONTENTS 6/2003, p. 531-614
OBSAH 6/2003, s. 531-614
Studies
Štúdie
Z a ł ę c k i, Paweł: How the Polish Roman Catholic Church’s Representatives Explain Decline of the Positive Estimations of the Church’s Public Activities (Ako vysvetľujú zástupcovia poľskej katolíckej cirkvi pokles v pozitívnom hodnotení verejných aktivít katolíckej cirkvi )…..533 (abstract)
B l a a s, Gejza: Individual Farmers in Slovakia: Typology, Recruitment Patterns and Sources of Livelihood (Súkromne hospodáriaci roľníci na Slovensku: Typológia, náborové vzory a zdroje obživy)…..557 (absract)
P i s c o v á, Magdaléna: Gender in Science – Women in Science in Slovakia (Rod vo vede – ženy vo vede na Slovensku)…..579 (abstract)
Reviews
Recenzie
K a a s e, Max – S p a r s c h u h, Vera – W e n n i n g e r, Agniezska (ed.): Three Social Science Disciplines in Central and Eastern Europe. A Handbook on Economics, Political Science and Sociology (1989-2001) (Ján Bunčák) (Tri spoločensko-vedné disciplíny v strednej a východnej Európe. Príručka ekonómie, politológie a sociológie. 1989-2001)…..599
L a i f e r o v á, Eva (ed.): Studies in Modern Sociology (Zuzana Kusá) (Štúdie modernej sociológie) …..603
Š k v r n d a, František: Terrorism – the Most Significant Non-Military Threat Today (Karol Čukan) (Terorizmus – najvýznamnejšia nevojenská bezpečnostná hrozba súčasnosti )…..606
Contents of Journal SOCIOLÓGIA, Volume 35, 2003
Obsah SOCIOLÓGIE ročníka 35, 2003
Paweł Załęcki
Institute of Sociology, Nicholas Copernicus University, Toruñ
How the Polish Roman Catholic Church’s Representatives Explain Decline of the Positive Estimations of the Church’s Public Activities. The main purpose of the article is to draw readers’ attention to some possible ways of interpreting the decline of positive estimations of Polish Roman Catholic Church’s public activities within last dozen or so years. The proposed point of view of analysis refers to ‘emic-view’ perspective used in social sciences (especially within cultural anthropology) to illustrate the standpoints of ‘inner-actors’ of social actions. The Polish Church is one of the key powers on the public and political scene in Poland. The context of political transformation in Poland and Church’s contribution in building during the communist regime the ‘underground civil society’ has given to the Church possibility to became one of the main players on the political scene and an important component of the official culture. But the wide, social support for Church’s public activities in the mid 1990s radically changed. This situation called for the explanations. A lot of Polish social scientists have undertaken adequate surveys and clarifications. This article however is focussing on opinions and statements of some key Polish Roman Catholic Church’s representatives (both secular persons and bishops) explaining this fundamental change.
Sociológia 2003 Vol. 35 (No. 6: 533-556)
Gejza Blaas
Research Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Bratislava
Individual Farmers in Slovakia: Typology,
Recruitment Patterns and Sources of Livelihood. The paper is
focussing on the analysis of some social features of individual farm
holders and their households in Slovakia. During the years from the
start of the transition process toward market economy a wide variety of
farming types has emerged. Nevertheless, corporate farms, which are the
successor ventures of former socialist co-operatives and state farms
still dominate the current farming structure in terms of their share in
the overall land use and output. Individual farms operate about 20 per
cent of total farm land and represent a very diversified socio-economic
pattern comprising fully commercial estate farming exploiting hired
labour on one side, but also a large number of tiny self-subsistence
part time farms on the other. As a result of this, the dual pattern of
farm structure, which was typical for the earlier decades, has not
changed too much. It is still characterising not only the overall
structure, but also the segment of individual farms.
As for the literature sources on social typology of stakeholders, the
author is discussing earlier findings of Szelenyi, based on Hungarian
empirical knowledge and the theory of rural enbourgeoisment.
The most distinctive feature of farming types is the use of produce –
marketing versus self-consumption. The former is typical for
farmers-entrepreneurs and the later for non-registered farms, which are
significantly smaller in size and serve predominantly subsistence needs
of households.
The author finds that there is a very close relation between the social
background of these days’ individual farmers and the type of farming
which they pursue. As survey data shows, among new farm holders there is
a high share of persons with higher education and persons who hold
higher positions in business, state administration and elsewhere, before
starting their farm business. Neither experience in the farming sector
nor special agricultural training has been crucial for the recruitment
of new farmers. This applies especially for full-time commercial
farmers.
Farming households may as a rule, besides on income from farming, rely
on other sources of additional or complementary income. As survey data
show, these are mainly the work of spouses out of agriculture and the
old age pension of the farm holder or his relatives. But farm holders
themselves very often pursue a job other than farming, which is their
principal or supplementary source of income. For only about one fifth of
farmers is farming their single source of income.
Sociológia 2003 Vol. 35 (No. 6: 557-578)
Magdaléna Piscová
Institute for Sociology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava
Gender in Science – Women in Science in Slovakia.
The issue women in science represent a very specific topic and can
be labelled as a multidimensional problem: a problem of science and a
problem of gender equity in society. In the last years the topic on
women in science has raised attention more as a part of political
agenda and less as theoretical problem. Nevertheless due to the
activities of the European Commission and namely the Unit Women and
Science by the Directorate General for Science and Research, the
problem of existing male domination in science and gender imbalance in
science started to be much more frequent in public and scientific
discourse.
The article represents a first attempt to map the situation on women in
the science and research in Slovakia. Presented data confirmed the
existing ”leaky pipeline” in science so as under representation of
women in higher scientific and academic positions. Available data did
allow particular analysis of the causes of the existing divergence in
male and female scientific careers.
Except quantitative statistical data the article presents some
additional information from the survey ”Women and Science in
SAS”carried out in the Slovak Academy of Sciences. The main asset of
this survey was that for the first time was in Slovakia paid attention
to the gender dimension in science however the small size of the
research sample does not allow any detailed analysis. The survey
confirmed the fact about relatively low sensitivity on gender issue
among the scientific public.
The present situation of women in science in Slovakia is very similar
comparing to the other European countries. Horizontal and vertical
segregation in academic careers is evident not only in the universities
but also in research institutions. Contrary to the other countries the
gender dimension in policy agenda and in practise does not belong to the
preferred and frequent issues.
Sociológia 2003 Vol. 35 (No. 6: 579-598)
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