Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Volume 33 / No. 1 / 1998
VPLYV TESTOSTERÓNU NA PRIESTOROVÚ PREDSTAVIVOSŤ DETÍ
JOLANA LAZNIBATOVÁ, DANIELA OSTATNÍKOVÁ, MONIKA DOHNÁNYIOVÁ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
Fyziologický ústav LF UK, Bratislava
Testosterone, with its influence, ranges beyond the limits of reproductive organs. Several studies point at its task in organizing the structures during the intra-uterine development. The basis for cognitive abilities in individuals of both sexes is formed here. Testosterone mostly influences space orientation and its effect can be already manifested in childhood. We studied the relationship between the levels of free testosterone (examined from saliva) and space-area imagination in children of younger school age. The group of gifted children was compared with the control group of children of both sexes. From the results are significant mostly the lower levels of testosterone in the followed group of gifted children. Gifted children achieved significantly better results in solving psychological tests for space-area imagination. The testosterone levels in gifted children negatively correlated with cognitive abilities, however, this was not confirmed in the control group of children.
Key words: testosterone, space-area orientation, pre-pubescent
children, gifted children
pp. 3 - 12.
CHARAKTERISTIKY PSYCHOGÉNNYCH PORÚCH PRÍJMU POTRAVY ŠTUDENTIEK STREDNÝCH A VYSOKÝCH ŠKÔL
ANTÓNIA PAVLIŠÍNOVÁ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
The author presents the results of the research of female students of Bratislava's secondary schools and universities (N = 327). In the research was used a screening questionnaire EAT and own questionnaire focused on finding eating habits, attitudes toward food and bodily weight. It was found out that 67 % of girls are not satisfied with their figure; 76 % is not satisfied with their weight; and almost 60 % experience fear of getting overweighted. The respondents wished to be, in the average, significantly slimmer in the future; the least up-to-date and ideal weight was reported by students of dance conservatory. In the EAT questionnaire, 14,1 % of students achieved critical and higher scores. Disturbed attitudes toward eating and bodily weight exhibited these girls by discontent with their figure, desire to get thinner, frequent use of fasting and keeping diets, feeling of guilt after overeating, and preferring more extreme ways of eating (vegetarianism, uncombined food). One secondary-school female student fulfilled the criteria of mental anorexia (0,31 %), 5 girls (1,5 %) fulfilled almost all criteria, but amenorrhea in them persisted less than 3 months. A number of 3,7 % of girls (1,8 % purgative type; 1,8 % nonpurgative type) fulfilled the criteria of mental bulimia.
Key words: psychogenic disorders of food intake, mental anorexia,
mental bulimia, attitudes toward eating and bodily weight, Eating Attitude
Test
pp. 13-22.
HODNOTENIE INTEGRÁCIE ZDRAVOTNE POSTIHNUTÝCH DETÍ DO BEŽNÝCH ŠKÔL DETSKOU A DOSPELOU POPULÁCIOU
IVAN UČEŇ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
The integration of handicapped children into regular schools advanced
to the extent that it is realized globally, secured by unified pedagogic
documents. In spite of this fact, psychological issues do not disappear
and new problems are still being identified.
While the issue of attitudes toward integration appeared to have been very
simple, it gradually got complicated by a larger number of intervening
teachers who entered into this sensitive process.
The study presents pupils of basic school as a minority which, apart from
other minorities in the research of analyzed minorities, is more critical
and more vehement toward disabled children. In the evaluation of concrete
situations of social and school integration of disabled children, a unique
nonuniformity appears probably due to absorbing of a variety of information
and experience in this area of education and upbringing.
Key words: minority, semantic differential, social and school
integration, handicapped child
pp. 23-34.
ZPŮSOB VÝCHOVY V RODINĚ A OSOBNOST DÍTĚTE
JAN ČÁP, PETR BOSCHEK
Katedra psychologie Filozofické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, Praha
The authors proposed the analytical-synthetic model of a way of upbringing
in the family, which includes a pattern of 9 fields and which also enables
to differentiate the forms of upbringing with discrepant management and
with a negative-positive emotional relationship toward the child.
The forms of upbringing (model field) - optimal for the development of
character and stableness-unstableness - show relations also to some less
favorable aspects of adolescent personality. Contrary to this, the forms
of upbringing associated with unfavorable development of character and
with unstableness correlate with some personality factors which are welcoming
in many areas of practice (independence, dominance).
Some differences in a manner of boys' and girls' responses were found with
respect to a way of upbringing in the family, especially to particular
components of father and mother upbringing, or different parents' responding
to behavior of children of various gender.
Key words: upbringing in the family, family, personality, personality
factors, character, temperament, stability-lability
pp. 35-44.
ŠKOLSKÁ PORADENSKÁ SLUŽBA V KONCEPCII KURIKULÁRNEJ OBNOVY ŠKOLY A ŠKOLSTVA V SLOVINSKU
METOD RESMAN
Filozofická fakulta, Ľubľanská univerzita, Slovinsko
This contribution mirrors some theoretical-conceptual, organization-operative
questions and to date practical experience from the realization of the
original model of school counseling service in Slovenia.
The outcome basis for this reflection are needs and tasks of curriculum
reconstruction of school, democratization of educational system, and strengthening
of autonomy position of schools. In this context, the school should development
a whole pupil personality.
The subject of the analysis is a) conceptual notion of school counseling
service and its profiling (the author describes and evaluates a couple
of alternatives: personal versus school, crisis-curative versus developing-preventive
counseling); b) a organization-operative model of school counselling; c)
a profile of counseling worker, his/her position at school and d) his/her
contribution to the development of school and school system.
Key words: Curriculum, school counseling, school counseling service,
personal/crisis-curative and developing-preventive counseling, organization-operative
model of school counseling, external counseling institutions, school counseling
worker
pp. 45-54.
VÝSKYT VÝCHOVNE PROBLÉMOVÉHO SPRÁVANIA V SKUPINÁCH UČŇOVSKEJ MLÁDEŽE
ANDREA GECKOVÁ
Ústav sociálnej medicíny Lekárskej fakulty UPJŠ, Košice
In the first part of the contribution, the author tries to arrange various theoretical concepts of problematic behavior with respect to upbringing and to propose a summarizing definition of the analyzed term. In the second part of the contribution, the author brings the results of the survey of forms, significance and intersexual differences of problematic behavior with respect to upbringing. In the classes of apprentices' schools, the most frequent problems were: unconcentratedness, inadvertency, unperseverance, lies, excuses, cheating; in girls - vividness, restlessness, overchatting, stage-fever, fear; and in boys - irresponsibility, violation of promises and commands, smoking. The education of problematic behavior differed according to sex. In girl classes, the class teachers met most often with vividness, restlessness, overchatting, disinterest in studies, and with scrupulousness and stage-fever. In boy classes, this was rather smoking, irresponsibility, violation of promises and commands, conflictedness, irritability, tantrums of anger and school absence. The class teachers more negatively assessed the forms of behavior that contained a breach of social norms; less negatively were assessed those forms of problematic behavior, with respect to upbringing, which rather manifested emotional disturbance.
Key words: problematic behavior with respect to upbringing, apprentice
youth
pp. 55-65.
PSYCHICKÉ PORUCHY DĚTÍ V ZÁVISLOSTI NA HEMISFERÁLNÍ LOKALIZACI A LATERALIZACI EPILEPTICKÉHO FOKUSU
ZUZANA MAKOVSKÁ
Klinika dětské neurologie LF MU a FDN JGM, Brno
The presented study deals with the evaluation of mental disorders in children with focal epilepsy without evident grosser cerebral lesion in dependence on hemispheric localization and lateralization of epileptic focus. With respect to this fact, the psychological screening is not only a valuable part of diagnostics but it also enables, within a dynamic follow-up, the assessment of the effect of the therapy and prognosis.
Key words: mental disorders, focal epilepsy, functional prevalence
of brain hemispheres
pp. 66-71.
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