Electronic Library of Scientific Literature - © Academic Electronic Press
Volume 47 / 2003 / number 4
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Review
Articles
Short Communications
Book Review
P. KONTSEK1,2* , G. KARAYIANNI-VASCONCELOS1, E. KONTSEKOVÁ1
1 Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;
2 Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius
University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Received October 13, 2003; accepted November 13, 2003
Summary. – The human interferon (IFN)
system is the best characterized of all animal IFN systems. Until
recently it is thought that all IFNs and IFN-related genes and proteins
have been discovered. However, in the last three years, the discovery
and characterization of IFNs including IFN-epsilon (IFN-e), IFN-kappa
(IFN-k) and a novel IFN-lambda (IFN-l) family, in particular,
substantially changed this opinion. In this article, we attempt to
review recent developments in the field of interferon discovery and
present an overview of current classification of the human IFN system.
Characterization of the constituent parts of the human IFN system
including ligands, receptors and players involved in the signal
transduction pathway are discussed.
Key words: cytokine; dsRNA IFN family; IFN gene; IFN ligand;
IFN polypeptide; IFN receptor; IFN signaling; IFN subgroup; IFN type;
IFNAR; IFNGR; IFNLR; JAK-STAT; signal transduction
Acta virologica 47: 201 – 215, 2003
H.J. SHAO, L. CHEN*, M.S. SHEN, G.F. YU
The Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
Received July 28, 2003; accepted October 27, 2003
Summary. – DNA vaccines have been widely used as
effective means of eradicating a variety of viruses, parasites, bacteria
as well as means of alleviating allergic and autoimmune diseases and
tumors. As interleukin 1 (IL-1) plays an essential role in augmenting
both cellular and humoral immune responses to foreign antigens, it may
represent a good candidate for an adjuvant to DNA vaccines. Since the
inflammatory activity of IL-1 may have a restricted application to DNA
vaccines, we explored the possibility of augmenting immune response
without unwanted inflammatory effect using IL-1b 163–171 peptide,
which is essential for IL-1 receptor 1 binding. A DNA fragment encoding
the human IL-1b 163–171 peptide of concern was fused to the Hepatitis
B virus (HBV) core DNA vaccine, and injected into mice to analyze its
immune responses. Compared with the control mice which received
hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) alone, significant increase in
not only the HBcAg-specific antibody response but also in T cell
proliferation was observed in mice which received IL-1b 163–171-HBcAg.
These results suggest that the DNA fragment encoding the IL-1b
polypeptide of aa 163–171 might represent a good candidate for an
adjuvant of DNA vaccines.
Key words: interleukin 1b; hepatitis B virus core antigen; DNA
vaccine
Acta virologica 47: 217 – 221, 2003
X. Liu1,2, X. Wang1*, Y. Zhao1, C. Zheng1, G. Zhou1
1 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases
and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, P.R. China;
2 Institute of Element Organic Chemistry, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
Received July 22, 2003; accepted November 11, 2003
Summary. – The full-length nucleotide sequence of a
potyvirus causing the maize dwarf mosaic (MDM) disease in Henan
province, central China, was obtained by reverse
transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid
amplification of the cDNA 5'-end (5'-RACE). The viral genome comprised
of 9596 nucleotides except the polyA tail and encoded a putative
polyprotein of 3603 amino acids. The entire genomic sequence of this
isolate shared identities of 94.2% and 98.3% with Sugarcane mosaic virus
(SCMV) HZ isolate at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels,
respectively, but only a 69.1% identity with MDM virus (MDMV) Bulgarian
isolate (MDMV-Bg) at the nucleotide level. Phylogenetical tree analysis
of the complete nucleotide sequences indicated that the Henan isolate of
a potyvirus causing MDM disease is in fact a Henan strain of SCMV
(SCMV-HN).
Key words: maize dwarf mosaic disease; Sugarcane mosaic virus;
Henan isolate; Hangzhou isolate; complete nucleotide sequence; taxonomy;
central China
Acta virologica 47: 223 – 227, 2003
E. Varečková1*, S.A. Wharton2, V. Mucha1, M. Gocník1, f. Kostolanský1
1 Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská
cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic;
2 National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), London,
UK
Received October 6, 2003; accepted November 14, 2003
Summary. – Monoclonal antibody (MAb) CF2,
which binds to the fusion peptide of influenza A virus hemagglutinin
(HA) (amino acids (aa) 1–35 of the N-terminus of the light chain of
HA), inhibited the fusion activity of HA. This MAb preferentially bound
to pH 5-treated virus (with conformationally altered HA) and bound only
weakly to the native wild type (wt) virus. However, a significant
binding of MAb CF2 to the amantadine resistant virus mutant Ab4 (with a
mutation at aa 17 of HA1 leading to a destabilization of HA trimer) was
obtained without pH 5 treatment. Exploiting the fusion-inhibition
activity of MAb CF2 the effect of this antibody on the virus replication
in vitro was followed using both the wt virus and the amantadine
resistant mutant Ab4. No reduction of replication of wt virus and a low
reduction of replication of Ab4 mutant (by about 20%) was detected by
radioimmunoassay after preincubation of the virus with a high
concentration of MAb CF2 at room temperature. An increased reduction of
replication of Ab4 mutant (by about 40%) was observed in cell
radioimmunoassay (RIA) and in plaque assay when the virus was
preincubated with MAb at 37°C. Under these conditions a reduction of
the wt virus replication also occurred by about 40%. This is the first
report on the capacity of a MAb specific to HA2 gp, the light chain of
influenza A virus HA, to reduce replication of the virus. This capacity
in relation to (i) the affinity of the antibody to the virus, and
(ii) the accessibility of corresponding epitopes on the virus surface as
well as the proposed mechanism of inhibition of replication of the virus
are discussed.
Key words: HA2 glycoprotein; influenza A virus; fusion;
hemagglutinin; monoclonal antibody; virus neutralization
Acta virologica 47: 229 – 236, 2003
S. BOPEGAMAGE1*, M. BORSANYIOVÁ1, A. VARGOVÁ1, A. PETROVIČOVÁ1, M. BENKOVIČOVÁ2, P. GOMOLČÁK2
1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School
of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R.China;
2 Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases
Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
Received July 10, 2003; accepted November 24, 2003
Summary. – On the basis of amino acid (aa) sequence
of the tandem repeat 133–158~20–34~133–158 which consisted of aa
133–158 of VP1 and aa 20–34 of VP4 of Foot-and-mouth disease virus
(FMDV) type Asia 1 a recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pAS1-P
encoding a fusion protein and eukaryotic expression vectors pAS1-E and
pAS1-EDCpG-ODN representing DNA vaccines were constructed. Guinea pigs
immunized with these vaccines showed both neutralizing antibody and T
cell proliferation responses. FMDV challenge tests for the first time
showed that the recombinant fusion protein and pAS1-E and pAS1-EDCpG-ODN
vaccines protected 86%, 60% and 43% of guinea pigs from FMDV type Asia1
challenge, respectively. The results also indicated that the immune
response of animals treated with the vector pAS1-E containing an
oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), which consisted of immunostimulatory
cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) motifs, was augmented by CpG ODN.
Key words: Foot-and-mouth disease virus; type Asia 1; DNA vaccine
Acta virologica 47: 237 – 243, 2003
S. BOPEGAMAGE1*, M. BORSANYIOVÁ1, A. VARGOVÁ1, A. PETROVIČOVÁ1, M. BENKOVIČOVÁ2, P. GOMOLČÁK2
1 Department of Virology, Institute of Preventive and
Clinical Medicine, Limbová 14, 833 01 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;
2 Institute of Pathology, Academician L. Derer
Hospital and Clinic, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Received January 27, 2003; accepted October 16, 2003
Summary. – We followed the viral
kinetics and histopathological changes in different organs of
immunocompetent mice infected orally with coxsackieviruses B3 (CVB3)
Nancy strain and B4 (CVB4) JVB strain separately. The viruses used were
not adapted to mouse organs. In the acute phase of infection, the viral
kinetics indicated virus replication in the heart, spleen, thymus,
pancreas, and small and large intestines. This was accompanied by
histopathological changes, mild infiltration of mononuclear cells and
fibrosis in the heart. The necrotic changes with mononuclear
infiltration and fibrosis in the myocard was observed on days 56 and 71
p.i. in the CVB4-infected animals only. In the mice infected with CVB3
and CVB4 a prolonged presence of infectious virus was shown in the
spleen and small intestine; in the latter viral antigen was localized in
smooth muscles of the muscular wall immunohistochemically. This is the
first report on prolonged replication of coxsackieviruses (CV) in the
spleen and small intestine in orally infected mice.
Key words: Coxsackie B3 virus; Coxsackie B4 virus; mouse; oral
infection; viral kinetics; histopathology
Acta virologica 47: 245 – 251, 2003
A. VARGOVÁ1, S. BOPEGAMAGE1*, M. BORSANYIOVÁ1, A. PETROVIČOVÁ1, M. BENKOVIČOVÁ2
1 Department of Virology, Institute of Preventive and
Clinical Medicine, Limbová 14, 833 01 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;
2 Institute of Pathology, Academician L. Derer Hospital
and Clinic, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Received January 27, 2003; accepted November 15, 2003
Summary. – The study was focused on kinetics of
Coxsackievirus B3 serotype (CVB3) in different organs of Swiss albino
mice following intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection. The results indicated
that the virus replicated in the heart, spleen, thymus, pancreas, small
and large intestines in the acute stage of the infection. Infectious
virus was present in the spleen till day 35 post infection (p.i.).
Histopathology of the hearts showed mild foci of infiltration of
mononuclear cells in the acute stage of infection and massive
inflammation of exocrine pancreas on day 5 p.i. These results, when
compared to those of our previous study (Bopegamage et al.,
2003), suggest that the pathogenesis of the disease may be influenced by
the route of virus administration into the host.
Key words: Coxsackievirus; B3 serotype; Swiss albino mice;
intraperitoneal infection; histopathology
Acta virologica 47: 253 – 257, 2003
R. TOROGHI*, J.M. KATARIA, V. BALAMURUGAN
Division of Avian Diseases, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P. 243122, India
Received January 17, 2003; accepted November 10, 2003
Summary. – Reverse transcription–polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR) is a rapid method for identification and
differentiation of viruses. It was used to differentiate very virulent
from classical (field/vaccine) strains/isolates of Infectious bursal
disease virus (IBDV). RT-PCR products of 552 bp were generated by
amplification of variable region of VP2 gene in three field classical
isolates, two vaccine strains and two very virulent isolates of IBDV.
The PCR products were digested with SacI, HhaI, SspI
and StuI. Digestion of the PCR products with SacI and HhaI
revealed the presence of a single restriction site in all the field
classical isolates and vaccine strains, but no such a restriction site
in very virulent strains. On the other hand digestion of these products
with SspI and StuI showed the presence of a single
restriction site in very virulent strains but no such a restriction site
in classical field isolates and vaccine strains. Although the
restriction profiles of classical field Indian isolates and vaccine
strains were identical, all of these enzymes could differentiate very
virulent Indian strains from classical field isolates and vaccine
strains.
Key words: Infectious bursal disease virus; virulence; reverse
trasncription; polymerase chain reaction; restriction analysis
Acta virologica 47: 259 – 263, 2003
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