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Project

Centre of Biosciences SAS

International Projects

Absorption, distribution, deposition and elimination of encapsulated form of thymol in rabbit organism.

Absorbcia, distribúcia, depozícia a eliminácia enkapsulovanej formy tymolu v organizme králikov.

Duration: 1. 1. 2023 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:Open-Mob-2022-01
Program: Open Mobility
Project leader: MVDr. Plachá Iveta PhD
Annotation:To ensure effective therapeutic and nutritional dosage of herbal additives, scientists have focused their attention on biotransformation processes, absorption, distribution and deposition of their compounds in animal organism. Thymol, a major compound of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), exhibits strong beneficial properties related to its phenolic structure. To describe the metabolic processes of thymol in an organism, we chose the rabbit as a model animal because it represents an appropriate model for the evaluation of the bioavailability of nutrients. In that, thymol is very volatile and evaporates quickly during feed processing, we decided to use more stable pelleted form of thymol, which allows its release in the small intestine, where main biotransformation processes are presented.

How can biotransformation processes of thymol affect "gut health" in animal organism

Ako ovplyvňujú biotransformačné procesy tymolu "zdravie čreva" u zvierat.

Duration: 1. 1. 2023 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:CNR-SAS-2022-02
Program: Mobility
Project leader: MVDr. Plachá Iveta PhD
Annotation:Currently, the widespread antibiotic resistance presents a global health problem, and it has forced researchers to return to the pre-antibiotic era. For this reason, the development of new drugs of natural origin presents a big challenge for scientists. Thymus vulgaris (thyme) has started receiving major attention either as dried leaves or its essential oil, as often demonstrated its beneficial properties. Since there is a lack of detailed information on thymol metabolism within the animal organism, further research should be done to establish the relation between its concentration and biological role to optimise its effect on animal health, before recommending the application of thymol to farm animals generally.

ANDRONET - European Andrology Network – Research Coordination, Education And Public Awareness

Európska sieť pre andrológiu – koordinácia výskumu, vzdelávania a verejného povedomia

Duration: 27. 10. 2021 - 26. 10. 2025
Evidence number:COST Action CA20119
Program: COST
Project leader: RNDr. Antalíková Jana PhD.
Annotation:ANDRONET aims to boost research collaboration, education and public awareness in andrology, a field of science that deals with male health. Currently there are no European- or world-wide networks through which researchers and clinicians in andrology can interact. The need for such a network is urgent due to the increasing incidence of infertility and testicular cancer, worrying reports of an association of poor reproductive function with poor health, and male predisposition to serious diseases, including Covid-19, leading to shorter life expectancy in men. Male infertility is common, but the patients are currently treated through assisted reproduction technology with primary burden on women. The aetiology of male reproductive problems is heterogeneous and comprises complex interactions between multiple genes and epigenetic factors, with largely unknown impact of environmental factors including infections. This COST Action proposes to increase multidisciplinary research collaboration and data exchange among andrology centres, and transfer of knowledge to European countries with less developed research. The initial consortium includes centres comprising complementary clinical and research expertise at a very high level, but ANDRONET will expand to reach a critical mass necessary for obtaining new knowledge and its possible commercial exploitation across Europe. ANDRONET aims to improve professional education in andrology which is fragmented among several medical branches and will contribute to the recognition of andrology as a medical subspecialty at European level. ANDRONET will strive to properly inform the public with evidence-based knowledge and thereby increase awareness of increasing male health problems and contribute to development of preventive measures.
Project web page:https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA20119/

GenE-Humdi - Genome Editing to Treat Humans Diseases

Liečba chorôb modifikáciou genómu

Duration: 15. 9. 2022 - 14. 9. 2026
Evidence number:COST Action CA21113
Program: COST
Project leader: MMedSc Dremencov Eliyahu DrSc

TREASURE - Maternal Perinatal Stress and Adverse Outcomes in the Offspring: Maximising infants´development

Materský perinatálny stres a nepriaznivé výsledky u potomstva: Optimalizácia vývoja dojčiat

Duration: 9. 11. 2023 - 8. 11. 2027
Evidence number:CA22114
Program: COST
Project leader: prof. RNDr. Lacinová Ľubica DrSc.
Annotation:High levels of maternal perinatal stress are associated with negative effects in the offspring. The adverse impact maternal stress can have in the infants´s health is 1) in the short term (prematurity, low infant birthweight); 2) the long-term (neuroinflamation, autism); 3) the very long-term (transgenerational effects). Previous studies have reported maternal stress can have transgenerational consequences. During pregnancy, high levels of maternal stress can cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Mediators responsible for the impact of maternal stress in the developing fetus include cytokines, tryptophan, cortisol, cathecolamines, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and microbiota. These mediators, along with epigenetic mechanisms, are involved on the adverse consequences high levels of maternal stress can have in the offspring. In order to improve fetal development and boost infant´s health throughout their lifespan, the TREASURE project aims to consolidate a multidisciplinary and international network of scientists, clinicians, students, stakeholders, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Enterprises to achieve impact through a three-fold main objective : 1) discovering, reviewing and disseminating scientific evidence on minimize, reduce and prevent the impact of maternal perinatal stress on fetal development, and to improve psychological, medical and neural development in the offspring during their life-span; 2) bridging knowledge, evidence and experience between scientific disciplines, and bringing international research groups together to increase knowledge exchange between countries. 3) forming international coalitions to efficiently translate scientific knowledge into clinical guidelines and best practices across Europe to improve the health of children, and reducing economic cost appearing from high levels of maternal perinatal stress.
Project web page:https://e-services.cost.eu/action/CA22114

MedPlants4Vet - Medicinal plants for animal health care: Translating tradition into modern veterinary medicine;

Medicinálne rastliny v starostlivosti o zdravie zvierat: prechod z tradičnej na modernú veterinárnu medicínu.

Duration: 12. 10. 2023 - 11. 10. 2027
Evidence number:CA22109
Program: COST
Project leader: MVDr. Plachá Iveta PhD
Annotation:The COST Action MedPlants4Vet will create an unprecedented European network of scientists and young researchers and stimulate research activities in different fields of phytochemistry, ethno- and phytopharmacology, pharmacognosy and clinical trials.
Project web page:https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA22109/

Molecular and physiological properties of honeybee royal jelly proteins

Molekulárne a fyziologické vlastnosti proteínov včelej materskej kašičky

Duration: 1. 4. 2021 - 31. 3. 2025
Program: Bilaterálne - iné
Project leader: RNDr. Bíliková Katarína PhD.
Annotation:Study of physiologically active proteins and peptides of honeybee products, especially honeybee jelly and honey, with the aim of applying the results of the research in human medicine and nutrition

EpiLipidNET - Pan-European Network in Lipidomics and Epilipidomics

Paneurópska sieť pre lipidomiku a epilipidomiku

Duration: 13. 10. 2020 - 12. 10. 2024
Evidence number:COST Action CA19105
Program: COST
Project leader: Mgr. Balážová Mária PhD.
Annotation:Lipids represent a wide variety of molecules that play different biological roles such as energy resources, structural components or signaling molecules that regulate metabolic homeostasis. Most notably, lipids and oxidatively modified lipids have been found to be involved in regulating important mechanisms mediating tissue injury, inflammation, and related non-communicable diseases, which are responsible for near 70% of all deaths in developed countries. Lipidomics and Epilipidomics are the most promising strategies for the progress in the knowledge of lipids, aiming at biomarker discovery for the prevention, early diagnosis, monitoring, evaluation of diseases therapeutics. These approaches involve the use of complex protocols, different instrumentation and processing huge amounts of data. Effectiveness, while reducing the high costs associated with these technologies, requires a harmonized multidisciplinary approach involving coordinated actions from pan-European centres of lipidomics investigation. This will avoid unnecessary redundancy, improving reproducibility and ensuring efficient and productive research. EpiLipidNET aims to build and maintain a multidisciplinary pan-European network of researchers, clinicians and enterprises working in the field of lipidomics and epilipidomics to boost a hub of research excellence, advanced knowledge and technology transfer, to promote high level of training for young researches and facilitate clinical translation. EpiLipidNet will include five interactive Working Groups covering analytical methods and computational approaches in (epi)Lipidomics, clinical significance and applications, lipid signaling and mechanisms of action, dissemination and outreach.
Project web page:https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA19105/#tabs|Name:overview

LipAI - Lipid Regulation for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

Regulácia lipidov ako protizápalová terapia

Duration: 1. 1. 2024 - 31. 12. 2026
Evidence number:SAS-NSTC-JRP-2023-04
Program: JRP
Project leader: Mgr. Balážová Mária PhD.
Annotation:Bacterial or viral infections can activate inflammatory processes. High-affinity inhibitory interactions between the anionic phospholipids in pulmonary surfactant and TLRs suggests that these lipids play a crucial role in regulating infectious and innate immune processes. This proposal aims to investigate the role of lipid regulation in microbial infection and host defense responses. Anionic lipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol(PG) and phosphatidylinositol(PI), are proposed to act as bait ligands for TLRs and viral attachment proteins. The therapeutic potential of valproic acid (VPA) in inducing the synthesis of PG in pulmonary surfactant, which could suppress inflammatory responses, will be investigated. The human alveolar basal epithelial cell line A549 and pro-monocytic model cell line U937 will be utilized to address these inflammatory responses. Additionally, the study investigates methods for preventing the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and subsequent neuroinflammation. PG, PI, and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids will be tested as potential therapeutic agents to prevent neuro-inflammation.

TRANSLACORE - Translational control in Cancer European Network

Translačná kontrola v európskej onkologickej sieti

Duration: 4. 10. 2022 - 3. 10. 2026
Evidence number:COST Action CA21154
Program: COST
Project leader: Mgr. Messingerová Lucia PhD.

LIFT - Lifting farm animal lives – laying the foundations for positive animal welfare

Zlepšenie životov hospodárskych zvierat - položenie základov pre pozitívne životné podmienky zvierat

Duration: 4. 11. 2022 - 3. 11. 2026
Evidence number:CA21124
Program: COST
Project leader: RNDr. Košťál Ľubor CSc.
Annotation:The main aim and objective of the Action is to define and conceptualise positive animal welfare, to identify valid methodologies to assess positive animal welfare, to assess the understanding and acceptance of this concept, and to suggest potential animal- and resource-based indicators of positive welfare to be monitored on farm.
Project web page:https://liftanimalwelfare.eu/

BETTER - Biosecurity enhanced through training evaluation and raising awareness

Zvýšenie biosekurity v živočíšnej produkcii zvyšovaním povedomia a metód biokontroly pre redukciu rizík vzniku a šírenia infekčných ochorení.

Duration: 21. 10. 2021 - 20. 10. 2025
Evidence number:CA20103
Program: COST
Project leader: MVDr. Lauková Andrea CSc.
Annotation:Biosecirity is a paramount importance to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogens and, consequently, to preserve health of farmed animals. Healthier animals result in better animal wellfere, better sustainability of animal production systems and less antimicrobial use. Despite these benefits, biosecurity is limited by different factors: lack of knowledge on ways for improvement, especially in extensive systems or settings with low resources, shortage of adequate ways to enhance communication, diversity methodologies and their cost-effectiveness, low number of trained professionals. To approach these challanges, project will evaluate how biosecurity is currently used and will use participative approaches to understand motivators and barriers for biosecurity implementation. Action will also compare existing methods and will identify which points has to be more trained and will develop courses for increase of professionals. Action will recommend priority research areas for future biosecurity improvement in animal production systems which will be reached via transdisciplinary group of investigators.

National Projects

Nano-Neuro-Plast - Activation of the VGF/BDNF/TrkB pathway by synthetic mRNA encapsulated in polyplex nanoparticles: effects on neural excitability, neuroplasticity and animal behavior

Aktivácia VGF/BDNF/TrkB dráhy syntetickou mRNA zapúzdrenou v polyplexových nanočasticiach: účinky na nervovú excitabilitu, neuroplasticitu a správanie zvierat

Duration: 1. 7. 2021 - 30. 6. 2025
Evidence number:APVV-20-0202
Program: APVV
Project leader: MMedSc Dremencov Eliyahu DrSc
Annotation: Neuroplasticity is the ability of the central nervous system (CNS) to change and adapt throughout the life through its structural and/or functional reorganization. Brain plasticity is essential for the normal CNS function, while several CNS disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia, are accompanied by decreased neuroplasticity. Neurotrophic growth factors, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), VGF, and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) play a key role in neuroplasticity. We will examine, for the first time, the effect of a non-invasive intra-CNS delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding these factors on neuronal excitability, plasticity, and animal behavior. Fluorescently labeled mRNA will be encapsulated in polyplex nanomicelles and administered intranasally. The incorporation of mRNA within the CNS will be assessed using STED microscopy. The effect of the exogeneous growth factor mRNA will be examined on neuronal excitability using in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology, on neurogenesis using the fluorescent immunohistochemical staining, on dendrito- and synaptogenesis using electron microscopy, on endogenous mRNA and protein expression-using the real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, and on intracellular calcium signaling using the method of planar lipid membranes. The effect of exogenous growth factor mRNA on the specific characteristic of animal behavior (cognition, social interacting, and anxiety) will be attested using appropriate behavioral tests. We expect that the polyplex nanomicelles to be designed will deliver mRNA encoding neurotrophic factors to the deep brain areas, with subsequent induction of pro-neuroplastic, pro-cognitive, anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects. This non-invasive way of administration of a therapeutic mRNA into the brain might be used in the future as a next generation treatment strategy in depressive and psychotic disorders.

Bacteriocins and their use to reduce spoilage microbiota in animal husbandry

Bakteriocíny a ich využitie na redukciu nežiaducej mikrobioty v chove zvierat

Duration: 1. 1. 2021 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:VEGA 2/0005/21
Program: VEGA
Project leader: MVDr. Pogány Simonová Monika PhD
Annotation:Methicillin resistance in staphylococci has had problem occuring also in animal production. Reduction and/or elimination of methicillin resistant (MetR) staphylococci in healthy breed is problem due to their multiresistance. However, utilization of antimicrobial proteinaceous substances –enterocins with a broad inhibition spectrum (produced by some strains of the genus Enterococcus) could be a promising way. In this basic research project will be therefore investigated inhibition activity of enterocins (characterized at our workplace) against a terget of faecal microbiota with impact on MetR and biofilm-forming staphylococci from various animals. Testing will be provided under in vitro as well as in vivo conditions; effect of enterocins against selected MetR strains will be verified in a model experiment by using experimental (mice) or farming (broiler rabbit) animals.

BPKMKZHPMF - Non-antibiotic approaches to control mastitis of cows with an increase in the hygiene of dairy farms conditions

Bezantibiotické prístupy kontroly mastitíd dojníc so zvýšením hygieny prostredia na produkčných farmách

Duration: 1. 7. 2023 - 30. 6. 2027
Evidence number:APVV-22-0457
Program: APVV
Project leader: RNDr. Bujňáková Dobroslava PhD
Annotation:Inflammation of the mammary gland ‒ mastitis is currently one of the three main diseases encountered by dairy farmers. The most common treatment of mastitic cows is antibiotic therapy during lactation, but also all round drying programmes. However, frequent use of antibiotics results in several serious problems such as low treatment success, and the presence of antimicrobial residues in milk. For this reason, the EU by its "Farm to Fork" strategy plans to reduce the use of antibiotics for farm animals by 50%, which is also supported by a new law effective from January 2022, that prohibits all forms of routine use of antibiotics and zinc oxide, including preventative herd treatment and all round drying of cows. In Slovakia as well as in the neighboring EU countries, no methodological procedures have been established for dairy farmers regarding the drying of cows in order to reduce the use of antibiotics. The presented project comprehensively resolves the current problems encountered by dairy farmers focusing on practical rationalization and implementation of new procedures for diagnosis, suppression and prevention of mastitis. The introduction of new diagnostic methods for the direct and indirect determination of inflammation symptoms supplemented by analysis of dairy cows based on clinical examination and the results of milk utility control with the application of algorithmic models for the detection of risky cows are among the basic objectives of the project aimed at reducing the incidence of mastitis. One of the new components of the project to be implemented in practice in order to reduce the consumption of antibiotics will include the introduction of selective drying programmes for dairy cows and the development of an effective lactobacilli-based protective agent for udder treatment. A new disinfectant for complex elimination of pathogens from the environment of the milking parlor will be designed by the research team for use in practice conditions.

Bioactive oils in the therapy of microbial infections on avian chorioallantoic membrane

Bioaktívne oleje v terapii mikrobiálnych infekcií na modeli aviárnej chorioalantoickej membrány

Duration: 1. 1. 2021 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:2/0042/21
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Mgr. Máčajová Mariana PhD.
Annotation:The treatment of various microbial and yeast infections is currently a major challenge in veterinary medicine. For breeders, some diseases such as mastitis, trichophytia or onychomycosis are often eradicating. Because of frequent antibiotic resistance, other treatments are emerging. In our project we will develop an in vivo model for the research of yeast and bacterial infections. We will use quail and turkey chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to test the effects of various drugs and treatments. After validation and optimization of the model, we will topically apply bioactive substances in various concentrations and monitor their antimicrobial and biological effect. We will also monitor the additive effect of PDT using curcumin and hypericin. Angiogenic changes, expression of selected genes, histological and immunohistochemical changes after application of the substances will be examined. The obtained results will be useful in the treatment of yeast and microbial infections in animals and humans.

GLYCO4BIO - Biochip systems for targeted glycan analysis of biomarkers for biomedical and biotechnological applications

Biočipové systémy na cielenú glykánovú analýzu biomarkerov pre biomedicínske a biotechnologické aplikácie

Duration: 1. 7. 2021 - 30. 6. 2025
Evidence number:APVV-20-0243
Program: APVV
Project leader: Ing. Sulová Zdena DrSc.
Annotation:The GLYCO4BIO project focuses on research and development of analytical systems based on microarray biochips enabling targeted and high-throughput glycoprofiling and their use in biomedicine and biotechnology. This is a strongly interdisciplinary research with a high degree of innovation, especially in the field of construction and application of original biochip devices on the microarray platform. New systems for analyzing glycan structures in various types of biological samples will be developed, verified and validated, such as a high-performance microfluidic reflectometric label-free microarray system, and an on-chip glycoprofiling platform combining microarray and MS technology. The expected benefit of the presented project is mainly in the development of innovative biochip systems for targeted glycorecognition based on modern technologies and their use in biomedicine, biotechnology, the study of biointeractions and in the analysis and screening of biomarkers. The systems will be applied, for example, in the research and detection of biomarkers of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), cancer, gestational diabetes, in oncological research, as well as in the development and characterization of the therapeutic proteins. The developed biochip systems significantly outperform traditional techniques and have a high potential for their translation into clinical analysis. The expected results of the project will improve and expand the possibilities of diagnostics and therapy, and significant benefits are also expected in the expansion of knowledge in the field of biomedical research, glycoproteomics and biotechnology.

Nutritional and health biomarkers in farm animals

Biomarkery nutričného a zdravotného statusu hospodárskych zvierat

Duration: 1. 1. 2021 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:2/0008/21
Program: VEGA
Project leader: MVDr. Grešáková Ľubomíra PhD.
Annotation:Proposal project is focused on the investigation of appropriate dietary and health biomarkers reflecting the dietary intake, nutritional status and biological effects of feed additives used in animal nutrition. Nutritional biomarkers are biochemical, functional, or clinical indices of animal status that reflect nutrient exposure (recent or long term), nutritional status depending on digestibility, absorption and utilisation of dietary nutrient, and nutrient metabolism/effect in animal body. Effective gastrointestinal functionality is crucial in determining animal health, welfare and performance, therefore we will focus on the biomarker determination of gastrointestinal functionality. The suitability of selected biomarkers will be tested in experiments by animal feed supplementation. The experiments will be aimed to improve the mineral status and optimize digestive processes in poultry and sheep to minimize the environmental pollution by the reduction of methanogenesis and excretion of heavy metals.

Biotechnological potential of nonconventional yeast in the production of squalene

Biotechnologický potenciál netradičných kvasiniek z hľadiska produkcie skvalénu

Duration: 1. 1. 2022 - 31. 12. 2025
Evidence number:2/0036/22
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Mgr. Garaiová Martina PhD.
Annotation:Ergosterol biogenesis in yeast has been studied so far mainly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae traditionally used in basic research and industry. It is quite surprising that very little is known about sterol homeostasis even in the large group of so-called nonconventional oleagionus yeasts utilized as producing organisms for various valuable lipids. The project is aimed at the study of sterol homeostasis in oleaginous yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica and Rhodosporidium toruloides and on the role of lipid droplets in this process. Using the methods of metabolic engineering we will evaluate the potential of these yeasts in production of squalene, a precursor in ergosterol biosynthesis with applications in cosmetic and pharmaceutic industry. We will also try to identify other nonconventional yeast species able to accumulate high amounts of squalene. The results of the project should contribute to the extension of the basic knowledge about the mechanisms and biotechnological applications of lipid accumulation in yeasts.

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Cielená úprava enzýmovej aktivity ako liečebná stratégia pri ochoreniach mozgu rezistentných na farmakoterapiu

Duration: 1. 1. 2024 - 31. 12. 2027
Evidence number:2/0045/24
Program: VEGA
Project leader: MUDr. Grinchii Daniil PhD.

Diagnostic of oncological diseases using aptasensors: development and validation

Diagnostika onkologických ochorení pomocou aptasenzorov: vývoj a validácia

Duration: 1. 1. 2021 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:2/0160/21
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Ing. Poturnayová Alexandra PhD.
Annotation:DNA aptamers, also referred to as DNA antibodies, are short single-stranded sections of DNA that form spatial structures that allow high-affinity to interact with receptors and other biomolecules. The project aims to develop and validate a new diagnostic method that utilizes the unique affinity properties of DNA aptamers for the early detection of cancer. In terms of project aims, we will analyze the molecular mechanisms of interactions between DNA aptamers and specific markers found on the surface of the tumor cells. We plan to use a sensitive method of quartz crystal microbalances (QCM), which allows real-time monitoring of interactions. For practical use, we plan to prepare conjugates of selected aptamers and gold nanoparticles depending on their physicochemical parameters and their interaction with neoplastic cells. We have the ambition to identify factors currently limiting the wider use of aptamers and aptamer-modified nanoparticles in clinical practice and contribute to their elimination.

Engineering of oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides as an efficient cell factory for punicic acid production

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Duration: 1. 1. 2024 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:APP0521
Program: DoktoGranty
Project leader: Mgr. Krajčiová Daniela

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Fosforylácia ryanodínového receptora/Ca2+ kanála ako efektívny regulátor medzi-kanálovej komunikácie

Duration: 1. 1. 2024 - 31. 12. 2027
Evidence number:2/0010/24
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Mgr. Gaburjáková Marta PhD.

FATSPOMBE - Functional analyses of TOR signaling pathway in the regulation of abiotic stress response in the fission yeast

Funkčná analýza TOR signálnej dráhy v regulácii abiotického stresu v kvasinke Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Duration: 1. 7. 2023 - 30. 6. 2027
Evidence number:APVV-22-0294
Program: APVV
Project leader: Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia PhD.
Annotation:As a consequence of our modern lifestyle, each organism is at the daily basis attacked by various impairing agents, oxidants, inducing elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by individual cells. Understanding the influence of those toxic elements on biochemical and physiological processes considerably contributes to specification of their toxicity. TOR kinase, a highly conserved kinase between species, belongs to the main regulators of cell growth and metabolism in response to various stresses. The aim of the proposed project is to investigate the molecular mechanism of TOR signaling in the cell defense machineries and cell cycle regulation under food toxicants acrylamide and its metabolites-induced stress, with the use of Schizosaccharomyces pombe as model system. S. pombe is a popular model organism for studies of basic biological processes. It is often referred to as “micromammal” as its genomic organization resembles that of higher eukaryotes including humans. Similar to higher eukaryotes, TORC1 and TORC2 have been identified in S. pombe. S. pombe TORC1, which contains the catalytic subunit Tor2, and TORC2, which contains Tor1 apparently have reverse, but coordinated, roles for growth, cell cycle and sexual development. Although, the role of TOR signaling in cell responses to various stresses has been intensively studied, the underlying mechanism of TORC2 and its catalytic subunit Tor1 in S. pombe in the cell protection and cell cycle regulation under stress conditions caused by food contaminants remains unclear. We aim to utilize state-of-the art research “OMIC” methods in molecular biology, genetics, spectroscopy, biochemistry, microscopy, and visualization to achieve the proposed objectives.

Characterization of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the brain areas relevant for development of social behaviour in the autismrelated model

Charakterizácia excitačných a inhibičných neurónov v oblastiach mozgu doležitých pre vývin sociálneho správania v modeli autizmu

Duration: 1. 7. 2022 - 30. 6. 2026
Evidence number:APVV-21-0189
Program: APVV
Project leader: Mgr. Jurkovičová Tarabová Bohumila PhD.

Identification of behavioural and neurobiological indicators of positive poultry welfare

Identifikácia behaviorálnych a neurobiologických indikátorov pozitívneho welfaru hydiny

Duration: 1. 1. 2023 - 31. 12. 2026
Evidence number:2/0129/23
Program: VEGA
Project leader: RNDr. Košťál Ľubor CSc.
Annotation:In the field of animal welfare science, there is a marked shift from negative welfare, the study of phenomena such as fear, pain or suffering, to positive welfare. In addition to looking for indicators of positive welfare, this also means looking for ways how to induce positive affective states, positive welfare. The aim of the project is to test the possibility of inducing positive welfare in poultry by anticipation of reward, positive contrast in the magnitude of reward or positive control of animals over their environment or resources. We will test the possibilities of automating behavioural recording as an important indicator of welfare and the hypothesis that the intensity of neurogenesis in the hippocampus may serve as a marker of cumulative affective experience.

Infrared thermography as a tool for the study of emotions and animal welfare

Infračervená termografia ako nástroj štúdia emócií a welfaru zvierat

Duration: 1. 1. 2023 - 31. 12. 2026
Evidence number:2/0105/23
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Mgr. Pichová Katarína PhD.
Annotation:Thanks to the massive development of new technologies in recent years these have also become a part of agricultural production. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) represents a new system of animal farm production which applies technologies to monitor the health and welfare of animals to improve the production and quality of life of the animals. Infrared thermography, due to its non-invasiveness, represents a potential tool to measure the welfare of poultry from several perspectives, whether assessing external indicators such as the degree of plumage damage, but also physiological parameters detecting affective states through changes in temperature of peripheral body regions. The aim of the project is to optimize the use of infrared thermography to assess welfare in laying hens, to test its application in commercial breeding conditions, and thus contribute to the development of parameters objectively assessing the quality of life of animals.

RENASTHERA - Novel renal antisense therapy platform for CKD

Inovatívna antisense terapeutická platforma pre CKD - chronické ochorenie obličiek

Duration: 1. 8. 2021 - 30. 6. 2025
Evidence number:APVV-20-0494
Program: APVV
Project leader: Ing. Poturnayová Alexandra PhD.
Annotation:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with its progressive nature towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a lethal and rapidly progressing severe health complication associated with significantly decreased quality of life and high mortality rates. Strikingly, despite the progress made in early-diagnostics of CKD, state-of-the-art therapeutics do not significantly decrease the risk of renal and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates in CKD patients which remain devastatingly high. This fact highlights an urgent need not only for novel therapeutics but also for the implementation of progressive experimental and clinical tools into translational drug discovery. In this context, the proposed RENASTHERA project offers a novel therapeutic solution to stop progressive renal function loss. This solution is based on a patented method of nucleic acid inhibition. Periostin, a 90 kDa secreted protein was identified as a key player in CKD development, inhibition of which effectively prevented CKD progression. The design, synthesis, and functional validation of an RNA inhibitor specifically designed for periostin RNA is thus the clearly defined scope of the proposed RENASTHERA project.

Smart deep brain stimulation as a treatment strategy in treatment-resistant depression

Inteligentná hĺbková mozgová stimulácia ako inovatívna stratégia pre liečbu mozgových porúch

Duration: 1. 1. 2022 - 31. 12. 2025
Evidence number:2/0057/22
Program: VEGA
Project leader: MMedSc Dremencov Eliyahu DrSc
Annotation:Impaired connectivity between different brain areas underlines pathophysiology of multiple brain disorders. It is possible that impaired connectivity between prefrontal cortex and ventral pallidum is involved in depression. Smart deep brain simulation, combining real-time detection of the neuronal activity in in prefrontal cortex with the stimulation of ventral tegmental area, might be thus an effective in depression. We aim to examine the cortico-tegmental connectivity and to test the antidepressant-like effectiveness of the smart deep brain stimulation in an animal model of depression.

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Interakcia mitochondriálneho chloridového kanálu s translokátorovým proteínom

Duration: 1. 1. 2023 - 31. 12. 2026
Evidence number:2/0051/23
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Mgr. Ševčíková Tomášková Zuzana PhD.
Annotation:Cardiac arrhythmias are one of the most common causes of death in the world. Arrhythmias also arise as a result of ischemia/reperfusion, when changes in nutrient and oxygen supply occur. Oxygen radicals may increase during reperfusion. Both metabolic and oxidative stress have been shown to result in arrhythmias due to cyclic changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential. These changes are mediated by chloride channels, which are thought to be identical to the CLIC5 isoform of intracellular chloride channels. Cardioprotective effects at the level of cells and the whole heart were observed after application of a specific ligand of mitochondrial translocator protein TSPO - 4-chlorodiazepam (4Cl-DZP), but also after application of a non-specific anion channel inhibitor. 4Cl-DZP is thought to act on chloride channel activity indirectly, via the TSPO protein, but no details of this interaction are known. The aim of our project is to describe the relationship between CLIC5 chloride channels and the TSPO receptor.

NANOREDUMET - Zinc feed additives as a strategy to reduce methane emissions in ruminants with endoparasites

Kŕmne aditíva s obsahom zinku ako stratégia zníženia emisií metánu u prežúvavcov s endoparazitmi

Duration: 1. 1. 2024 - 31. 12. 2025
Evidence number:SK-PL-23-0004
Program: APVV
Project leader: MVDr. Váradyová Zora PhD
Annotation:Recent data indicate that agriculture accounts for substantially of all emissions of greenhouse gases globally, and reducing emissions is one of the biggest challenges in ruminant production systems. Most of the anthropogenic methane emissions are from ruminant enteric fermentation, so reducing global methane emissions from animal production is necessary, with international commitments linked to efforts to combat climate change factors. Parasitic worms of ruminants, such as gastrointestinal nematodes, influence several factors associated with methane emissions, including feed efficiency, nutrient use, and animal production. The proposed concept of this bilateral cooperation project focuses on investigating the anti-methanogenic effects of feed supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticles on lambs infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The search for information will lead to a better understanding of the environmental costs caused by parasitic diseases.

Kryofertilita - Cryopreservation of cattle gametes and embryos for gene banking

Kryouchovávanie gamét a embryí hovädzieho dobytka pre účely génovej banky

Duration: 1. 7. 2020 - 30. 6. 2024
Evidence number:APVV-19-0111
Program: APVV
Project leader: RNDr. Antalíková Jana PhD.
Annotation:Cryopreservation and subsequent long-term preservation of gametes from genetically significant individuals of different livestock breeds play an important role in solving the issue of preserving animal gene resources. The methods of freezing of oocytes and ovarian tissues must ensure their good quality and viability after thawing. In our previous studies, we tested the in vitro cryopreservation procedure of mature bovine oocytes, which proved to be more successful compared to freezing of ovarian fragments containing follicles with immature oocytes. However, due to the high variability of results after in vitro fertilization of thawed oocytes, this strategy requires further optimization. The project will be focused on increasing the survival of oocytes after thawing and minimizing freezing damages to oocytes, as well as on promoting cell division and development of preimplantation embryos in vitro derived from frozen oocytes. In this concern, besides optimizing the cryopreservation regime, we plan to modify the culture conditions by using special additives to the culture media (antioxidants, growth factors, etc.). It is expected that optimization of the methods would ensure greater cryotolerance of bovine oocytes and in vitro produced embryos for gene bank preservation purposes.

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Manipulácia neurogenézy a jej vplyv na spev pestúnky japonskej

Duration: 1. 1. 2024 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:APP0532
Program: DoktoGranty
Project leader: Mgr. Radič Rebecca

NONBOVQUAL - Evaluation method of raw goat milk microbiological quality and use of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria at non-bovine Milk processing

Metóda pre hodnotenie mikrobiologickej kvality surového kozieho mlieka a aplikácia autochtónnych kyslomliečnych baktérií pri spracovaní nebovinných mliek

Duration: 1. 7. 2021 - 30. 6. 2025
Evidence number:APVV-20-0204
Program: APVV
Project leader: MVDr. Lauková Andrea CSc.
Annotation:The aim of the project submitted is to increase products quality made from non-bovine milks (ewes and goat). The value of total cell count in non bovine milk is their basic statutory indicator. In the past, a speedy routine method based on laser flow cytometry was introduced in Slovak practice for microbiolgical quality evaluation of raw ewes milk. This method proved to be beneficial for ewes milk producers and processors. However, for the evaluation of raw goat milk quality, solely the lenghty assigned cultivation method is still used. Therefore, the project aims to design a conversion formula specific for Slovakia to measure raw goat milk microbiological quality mean of laser flow cytometry method to CFU/ml which are used for statutory limits, and to the implementation of this method in practice as an accredited and authorized methods. For the improvement of dairy products quality based on non-bovine milks speedy methods which allow the separation of milk worth insufficient quality, do not constitute the only important condition. The other important condition consists in biological/bioprocessal methods of spoilage microbiota elimination during milk processing itself. Therefore, the subsequent aim of the project is the utilization of autochthonous beneficial, bacteriocin-producing lactic aicd bacteria strains with bacteriocin activity in products produced from non-bovine milks up to the implementation of such procedures in dairy processing.

Modulation of neuronal excitability by homocysteine

Modulácia neuronálnej excitability homocysteínom

Duration: 1. 1. 2022 - 31. 12. 2025
Evidence number:2/0081/22
Program: VEGA
Project leader: prof. RNDr. Lacinová Ľubica DrSc.
Annotation:Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate of methionine metabolism physiologically presents in the plasma of healthy humans. Abnormally high plasma level of Hcy results in a metabolic condition called hyperhomocysteinemia (hhc). It is related to cardiovascular and neurological disorders including dementia, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and peripheral neuropathy. We will analyse the effect of hhc on the modulation of neuronal excitability at the level of single neurons and neuronal networks. Alteration of voltage-activated Na+, K+, and Ca2+ currents and ligand-gated glutamate and GABA receptors will be investigated in cultured primary thalamic neurons. The involvement of Ca2+ channel isoforms will be assessed in detail with the aim to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Finally, complex effects of changes in voltage- and ligand-gated channels on action potential firing will be characterized. The project will contribute to understand the mechanisms underlying neuropathologies related to hhc.

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Molekulárne mechanizmy interakcie signálnych dráh kortikosteroidov a monoamínov v kardio- a neuropatológiách vyvolaných stresom

Duration: 1. 7. 2023 - 30. 6. 2027
Evidence number:APVV-22-0061
Program: APVV
Project leader: Mgr. Gaburjáková Marta PhD.

IZOTIOVIVO - Molecular mechanisms of trialkyl-/triaryltin isothiocyanates' and carboxylates' antitumour properties - novel ligands of nuclear retinoid X receptors in rat mammary gland carcinomas and human tumour cell lines

Molekulárne mechanizmy protinádorových vlastností trialkyl- /triarylcíničitých izotiokyanátov a karboxylátov, nových ligandov jadrových retinoidných X receptorov v karcinómoch mliečnej žľazy potkana a v ľudských nádorových bunkách prsníka

Duration: 1. 7. 2021 - 30. 6. 2025
Evidence number:APVV-20-0314
Program: APVV
Project leader: Mgr. Šereš Mário PhD.
Annotation:Organometallic compounds, on account of their structural diversity, are applied in human oncology in the treatment of cancer. Triorganotin derivatives showed significant cytotoxic properties. At the cellular level, they induce massive cell death in various types of cell cultures even at low concentrations and are able to activate the processes of apoptotic pathways, in which several molecular mechanisms play a role. A significant breakthrough in knowledge was our recent experimental confirmation of the ability of molecules of triorganotin compounds to bind to nuclear retinoid X receptors, and thus function as potent agonists. The aim of the present project is to investigate the in vivo effects of tributyl/triphenyltin isothiocyanates in the process of chemical carcinogenesis of the mammary gland of female rats, which is based on our current results of in vitro experiments. Simultaneously, the research of antitumour properties of triorganotin compounds activating RXR-RAR heterodimers comprising novel RXR agonists based on triorganotin carboxylates, is envisaged. In vitro analyses of molecular mechanisms leading to inhibition of tumour cell growth or induction of apoptosis in the presence/absence of natural ligands of RAR receptors on human breast tumour cell lines: MCF-7 (non-invasive, ER positive), T47D (ER positive), MDA-MB-231 (invasive, triple negative) and MDA-MB-436 (invasive, ER negative, PR negative), will be accomplished. We also plan to achieve new data on the possible endocrine disruption of triorganotin compounds on the murine TM3 cell line and the human COV434 cell line representing the reproductive system. We assume that the presented project will gain new and original knowledge about the mechanism of the action of the studied substances through their binding and activation of nuclear receptors, their transactivation as well as crosslink with other signalling pathways that may contribute to the development of novel treatment options for breast cancer.

Molecular mechanisms of preimplantation embryo responses to environmental factors

Molekulárne mechanizmy reakcií preimplantačného embrya na faktory prostredia

Duration: 1. 1. 2023 - 31. 12. 2026
Evidence number:2/0041/23
Program: VEGA
Project leader: RNDr. Čikoš Štefan DrSc.
Annotation:The project deals with the preimplantation embryo development, focusing on the mechanisms by which the early embryo responds to environmental factors. The role of selected cellular receptors will be investigated with emphasis on possible interactions between receptors activated by the same or by concurrent ligands (glutamate, glycine, GABA, selected insecticides). The impact of receptor ligand transporters will also be investigated. Selected intracellular signaling molecules and processes involved in the activation of the identified receptors as well as possible alternative mechanisms (such as oxidative stress) activated by the action of the investigated ligands will be analyzed. Understanding the mechanisms by which environmental factors affect the development of the preimplantation embryo can contribute to the development of husbandry, nutrition and animal health management practices that lead to a reduction of economic losses in livestock production caused by early embryo loss or later health disorders.

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Mutácie asociované s Wolframovým syndrómom: rozdielne signálne dráhy v zmysle metabolizmu vápnika a funkcie mitochondria

Duration: 1. 7. 2022 - 30. 6. 2026
Evidence number:APVV-21-0473
Program: APVV
Project leader: Mgr. Gaburjáková Marta PhD.

mClicID - -

Na stope identity mitochondriálneho chloridového kanálu

Duration: 1. 7. 2023 - 30. 6. 2027
Evidence number:APVV-22-0085
Program: APVV
Project leader: Mgr. Ševčíková Tomášková Zuzana PhD.
Annotation:Mitochondrial chloride channels are involved in the regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential Ψm. In in vitro conditions, it was observed that oxidative stress results in oscillations of Ψm, which leads to the shortening of the action potential on the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes and the occurrence of arrhythmias, mediated by the production of ATP in the mitochondria. At the level of the whole heart, arrhythmias were observed as a consequence of ischemia-reperfusion. Specific ligands of the translocator protein (TSPO) prevent the occurrence of post-ischemic arrhythmias. The use of a non-specific chloride channel blocker led to the same effect. TSPO ligands inhibit the mitochondrial chloride channels at nanomolar concentrations, suggesting that the TSPO protein mediates channel block. Thus, TSPO is likely to be in close contact with the chloride channel. Mitochondrial chloride channels are well described at the electrophysiological level, but their molecular identity remains unclear. Recently, two isoforms of chloride intracellular channels (CLICs) have been shown to be localized in mitochondria. However, CLIC channels have only been described in an artificial system - overexpressed in host cells. Mitochondrial chloride channels from native membranes are assumed to be identical to one of the two mitochondrial CLIC isoform. The aim of the presented project is to verify the hypothesis that the measured native chloride channels from cardiac mitochondria are members of the CLIC family and whether the given CLIC isoform and TSPO are in close physical contact. We assume that the obtained results will help clarify the molecular identity of the mitochondrial chloride channel, which represents a significant potential target for preventing the occurrence of post-ischemic arrhythmias.

HiVaLip - Nonconventional yeasts as producers of high value-added lipids

Nekonvenčné kvasinky ako producenty lipidov s vysokou pridanou hodnotou

Duration: 1. 7. 2021 - 30. 6. 2025
Evidence number:APVV-20-0166
Program: APVV
Project leader: Mgr. Holič Roman PhD.
Annotation:In addition to traditional baker`s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae there is a large group of „nonconventional“ yeasts which have evolved specific metabolic adaptations enabling them to utilize various growth substrates. An important group of nonconventional yeasts is represented by oleaginous yeasts which are able to accumulate high amount of lipids. Due to specific lipid metabolism and ability to utilize various cheap waste products as growth substrates, several nonconventional yeast species could be used for the production of high value-added lipids. The project is focused on the potential of nonconventional yeasts for the production of two such lipids – punicic acid and squalene. Punicic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in the pomegranate seed oil. Squalene is a triterpenoid produced in eukaryotes as the intermediate in sterol synthesis. Both lipids show positive effects on human health and have thus high potential for the use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and as nutraceutics or additives to functional food and feedstuff. The project will focus on the effect of heterologous expression of genes from pomegranate on punicic acid production in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and in two oleaginous yeasts Rhodotorula (Rhodosporidium) toruloides and Yarrowia lipolytica. Accumulation of squalene will be studied by applying the methods of metabolic engineering in R. toruloides and Y. lipolytica. An important aim of the project is also lipid metabolism and production of lipids in selected species of the genus Magnusiomyces and screening of nonconventional yeasts from yeast collections for their potential to produce high value-added lipids. In the identified species, the ability to utilize cheap waste substrates for growth will be determined. The results obtained within project implementation could thus extend the use of nonconventional yeasts in the biotechnological production of commercially valuable lipids.

Novel antidepressant therapy - long term consequencies on offspring

Nová generácia antidepresív - dlhodobé účinky na potomstvo

Duration: 1. 7. 2020 - 30. 6. 2024
Evidence number:APVV-19-0435
Program: APVV
Project leader: prof. RNDr. Lacinová Ľubica DrSc.

A new insight at isothiocyanates as substances interfering with the homeostasis of neoplastically transformed cells

Nový pohľad na izotiokyanáty ako látky zasahujúce do homeostázy neoplasticky transformovaných buniek

Duration: 1. 1. 2021 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:2/0130/21
Program: VEGA
Project leader: RNDr. Imrichová Denisa PhD.

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Nutraceutiká a ich medicínske a zdravotné výhody pre hospodárske zvieratá.

Duration: 1. 1. 2021 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:1/0554/21
Program: VEGA
Project leader: prof. MVDr. Faix Štefan DrSc.

Elucidation of the function of selected genes in meiotic division in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Objasnenie funkcie vybraných génov v meiotickom delení u kvasinky Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Duration: 1. 1. 2023 - 30. 12. 2026
Evidence number:1/0340/23
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia PhD.

Omnipotence - Defense mechanisms of microbial and animal cells in reducing their sensitivity to plant defensive compounds

Obranné mechanizmy mikrobiálnych a živočíšnych buniek pri znižovaní ich citlivosti na rastlinné defenzné zlúčeniny

Duration: 1. 7. 2020 - 30. 6. 2024
Evidence number:APVV-19-0094
Program: APVV
Project leader: Ing. Sulová Zdena DrSc.
Annotation:Living organisms have developed during evolution different strategies for securing better position in the competition for vital sources. Biosynthesis of various biologically active substances enabled specific organisms to be more successful than others. Plant metabolites have important position among these substances. Many products of plant secondary metabolism are known as effective pharmacological tools. A widespread use of these plant products can be predicted in various applications in veterinary and human medicine, food safety, etc. These applications will depend on the development of knowledge in biosciences, to which the presented project aims to contribute. The ability to modify the structure of known substances of plant origin in the laboratory gives almost unlimited possibilities for the rational design of new biologically active structures. Therefore, we choose "OMNIPOTENCE" as the acronym of our project. The project is aimed primarily on several plant products and their semisynthetic analogues as possible tools for modulation of proliferation and phenotypes of neoplastic and microbial cells. Living cells have developed several defensive strategies against toxic attacks mediated by different substances. The ability to develop such strategies may be considered as a basal characteristic that enables the cell to survive in the hostile environment. In addition to response specific for various organisms, general strategies have developed during evolution that are functional in various types of living cells including mammalian neoplastically transformed cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbial cells. The proposed project will focus on detailed analysis of the mechanisms how neoplastic mammalian and microbial cells respond to selected plant defensive substances and their semisynthetic derivatives.

KINSPL - Post-translational regulation of pre-mRNA splicing factors

Posttranslačná regulácia faktorov zostrihu pre-mRNA

Duration: 1. 7. 2021 - 30. 6. 2024
Evidence number:APVV-20-0141
Program: APVV
Project leader: Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia PhD.
Annotation:Many splicing factors have been shown to be post translationally modified by phosphorylation, however, very little is known about the principles of this regulation. Additionally, linking protein kinases with functional consequences for the splicing factors they target is quite challenging. Recently, we performed systematic analysis of spliceosomal subcomplexes of fission yeast S. pombe and identified novel phosphomodifications of splicing factors. Phenotypic analysis of phospho-mimicking and phospho-null mutants of selected splicing factors revealed that their activities are robustly regulated by phosphorylation. Importantly, we identified several spliceosome-associated protein kinases which are likely to regulate the spliceosome through phosphorylation of splicing factors. In this project, we will continue in our effort and will study the dynamics of spliceosome phosphorylation. We will establish direct connections between splicing factors and the spliceosome-associated protein kinases. Affinity purification followed by advanced mass spectrometry and ATP analog-sensitive mutants of spliceosomeassociated protein kinases will be employed to characterize the dynamics of spliceosome phosphorylation. We will also analyse in detail the splicing alterations induced in splicing phosphomutants using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses, and compare them with the alteration evoked after inhibition of spliceosome-associated protein kinases. This will allow us to identify specific phosphomodifications of splicing factors which are determinative for splicing transitions and coordinated regulation of splicing. It is widely accepted that studying the post-translational regulation of splicing is crucial to get better insight into the mechanisms regulating gene expression in normal and pathological states. Thus, understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of splicing factors will ultimately lead to approaches to correct or circumvent splicing-related diseases at the molecular level.

ALTZINC - Potential and prospect of alternative zinc sources in animal nutrition

Potenciál a perspektíva alternatívnych zdrojov zinku vo výžive hospodárskych zvierat

Duration: 1. 7. 2022 - 30. 6. 2026
Evidence number:APVV-21-0301
Program: APVV
Project leader: RNDr. Čobanová Klaudia PhD.
Annotation:The presented project proposal is focused on the use of various zinc nanoparticles and organic zinc sources as mineral supplements in animal nutrition and their effect on microelements absorption, retention, and utilisation in ruminants and poultry. Investigation of the effects of various dietary zinc sources on physiological processes and microbial parameters of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and poultry should bring new principal results. In general, the experiments will be aimed at improving the mineral status and optimising digestive processes in farm animals in an effort to reduce zinc excretion and thus environmental pollution of minerals from animal production. Research on the distribution of specific zinc-containing metalloproteins in animal tissues and their dependence on appropriate delivery of zinc in the form with high bioavailability may provide us with new basic information which in turn may be useful in practice for better prevention of oxidative stress and its negative consequences. The impact of various zinc nanoparticles in the animal feed on the quality of products of animal origin will be investigated as well. The basic knowledge obtained by fulfilling of objectives of the proposed project should also lay the foundation for future applied research on the supplementation of feeds with bioavailable zinc sources in order to improve animal health and performance.

LIPinINF - The potential role of valproic acid in attenuation of inflammation

Potenciálna úloha kyseliny valproovej v potlačení zápalu

Duration: 1. 8. 2021 - 30. 6. 2025
Evidence number:APVV-20-0129
Program: APVV
Project leader: Mgr. Balážová Mária PhD.
Annotation:In the context of current SARS-CoV-2 infections and accompanying pulmonary complications, attention needs to be focused on all aspects of the respiratory system. The virus is causing damage to type II alveolar cells, thus drastically reducing the production of lung surfactant lipids and proteins that are essential for respiration and their secretion into alveolar space. Understanding the defense mechanisms of the lungs plays a crucial role in responding to infection. One of the critical consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The main objective of this project is to contribute to the knowledge about the potential use of valproic acid to induce the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol in the pulmonary surfactant. To answer specific questions, we will use three models differing in their complexity – yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), human tumor cell line (HAP1), and avian chorioallantoic membrane. We hypothesize that intracellularly increased phosphatidylglycerol level could suppress inflammatory responses in ARDS patients and reduce the attachment of the virus to cell surface receptors. This would mean a reduction in infectious particle transmission between individuals and significant alleviation of ARDS symptoms.

PUFA-REPRO-BOOST - Prevention of periconceptional reproductive failure in animals via supplementation of diet with various sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Prevencia reprodukčného zlyhania v období pripúšťania zvierat prostredníctvom skrmovania kŕmnych aditív s vysokým obsahom polynenasýtených mastných kyselín

Duration: 1. 7. 2023 - 30. 6. 2027
Evidence number:APVV-22-0071
Program: APVV
Project leader: MVDr. Fabian Dušan DrSc.
Annotation:In recent decades, many studies have reported a worrisome decrease in the reproductive performance of farm animals. Dietary lipid supplementation can be a good strategy to reduce the extent of reproductive failure. Oilseed meals and cakes, derived from seed oil extraction, represent interesting co-products usable for such purposes. The main aim of the project will be to evaluate the effect of diet supplementation with flaxseed and camelina cake, important sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), on the ability to conceive and to reduce early embryo loss in two model animals - pubertal gilts and mouse females. Experimental animals will be fed a PUFAs supplemented diet for several weeks during the preconception period. After assessment of basic reproductive parameters, biochemical alterations in the microenvironment of developing germ cells and the impact of such alterations on antioxidant activity and membrane integrity of oocytes and proliferative and reparative activity of preimlantation embryos will be evaluated. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the impact of diet supplementation, expression of relevant molecules (receptors for hormones, prostaglandins, biosynthetic enzymes, regulatory proteins, etc.) in oocytes, embryos and tissues of the reproductive tract will be assessed. Furthermore, the protective potential of diet supplementation by PUFAs in reproductive disorders related to aging and oxidative stress in vitro will be assessed. Study will bring novel information on the mechanisms underlying the impact of PUFAs on ovulation and early embryonic development. Furthemore, acquired knowledge would result in targeted use in livestock production and veterinary practice.

Lipid transfer proteins – study of molecular mechanisms and their potential as targets in treatment of selected human diseases.

Proteíny prenášajúce lipidy - štúdium molekulárnych mechanizmov a ich možné využitie ako cieľov intervencie pri liečbe niektorých ochorení.

Duration: 1. 1. 2023 - 31. 12. 2026
Evidence number:2/0047/23
Program: VEGA
Project leader: RNDr. Griač Peter DrSc.
Annotation:The aim of the project is to investigate the molecular mechanisms of selected lipid-transfer proteins and the possibilities of their use as targets for the treatment of human diseases caused by microorganisms and parasites. We will focus on two types of diseases: those caused by yeast and fungi, and malaria caused by the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum. The absence of phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) Pdr16 causes an increase in the susceptibility of yeast microorganisms to clinically used antifungals. To understand why, we will investigate in a model organism, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the physiological role and molecular mechanism of action of the Pdr16 protein and its closely related Pdr17 protein. In P. falciparum, we will study two PITPs with the CRAL-TRIO structural domain that these proteins share with S. cerevisiae Sec14p. We will take advantage of the knowledge that Sec14p can be inhibited by molecules, some of which are under clinical investigation as potential antifungals.

Monitoring the interconnection of molecular events leading to the development of multidrug resistance in leukemic cells

Sledovanie prepojenia molekulárnych dejov vedúcich k rozvoju viacliekovej rezistencie v leukemických bunkách

Duration: 1. 1. 2021 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:2/0171/21
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Ing. Sulová Zdena DrSc.

The effect of UV-B radiation on DNA damage and repair mechanisms in the P-glycoprotein-expressing L1210 cell line

Sledovanie vplyvu UV-B žiarenia na poškodenie DNA a reparačných mechanizmov v bunkovej línií L1210 exprimujúcej P-glykoproteín

Duration: 1. 1. 2022 - 31. 12. 2025
Evidence number:2/0141/22
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Mgr. Šereš Mário PhD.

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Špecifické zmeny v expresii niektorých génov zahrnuté v rozvoji rezistencie leukemických buniek voči xenobiotikám

Duration: 1. 1. 2023 - 31. 12. 2026
Evidence number:2/0030/23
Program: VEGA
Project leader: prof. Ing. Breier Albert DrSc.

RNA structural determinant of Alus exonization

Štrukturálne usporiadanie pre-mRNA nevyhnutné pre exonizáciu Alu

Duration: 1. 1. 2022 - 31. 12. 2025
Evidence number:2/0016/22
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Mgr. Královičová Jana PhD.

The role of phosphatidylglycerol in attenuation of inflammation

Úloha fosfatidylglycerolu v potláčaní zápalu

Duration: 1. 1. 2022 - 31. 12. 2025
Evidence number:VEGA 2-0030-22
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Mgr. Balážová Mária PhD.
Annotation:In the context of current SARS-CoV-2 infections and accompanying pulmonary complications, attention needs to be focused on all aspects of the respiratory system. The virus is causing damage to type II alveolar cells, thus drastically reducing the production of lung surfactant lipids and proteins that are essential for respiration and their secretion into alveolar space. Understanding the defense mechanisms of the lungs plays a crucial role in responding to infection. One of the critical consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The main objective of this project is to contribute to the knowledge about the potential use of valproic acid to induce the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol in the pulmonary surfactant. We hypothesize that intracellularly increased phosphatidylglycerol level could suppress inflammatory responses in our A549 alveolar tumor cell model and similarly in patients with ARDS.

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Úloha mirtazapínu pri modulácii neurozápalových zmien v potomstve modelu materskej depresie

Duration: 1. 1. 2024 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:APP0534
Program: DoktoGranty
Project leader: Ing. Idunková Alžbeta

The role of protein-protein interactions in regulation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor

Úloha proteín-proteínových interakcií v regulácii srdcového ryanodínového receptora

Duration: 1. 1. 2021 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:2/0018/21
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Mgr. Gaburjáková Jana PhD.
Annotation:Ca2+ ions, essential for contraction of cardiomyocytes, are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR2), an indispensable component of the excitation-contraction coupling machinery. Function of the RYR2 channel is modified by multiple associated proteins, located on both cytoplasmic and luminal RYR2 faces. The goal of this project is to investigate new aspects of protein-protein interactions involved in RYR2 regulation from the luminal side where calsequestrin (CSQ2) presumably senses and translates changes in luminal Ca2+ to the RYR2 channel. However, the RYR2 channel possesses also intrinsic luminal Ca2+ sensor within its first luminal loop. The physiological roles of such luminal sensors and their co-existence remain to be defined. We will examine what structural changes in CSQ2 induced by Ca2+ are communicated to the RYR2 channel and whether the regulation role of CSQ2 could be replaced by calreticulin, which is overexpressed in the SR in the absence of CSQ2.

DRPGE - The role of DNA repair proteins in gene repression

Úloha proteínov DNA opravy v génovej represii

Duration: 1. 7. 2022 - 30. 6. 2026
Evidence number:APVV-21-0210
Program: APVV
Project leader: Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia PhD.
Annotation:Eukaryotic cells have evolved two mechanistically distinct pathways to repair double-strand breaks during mitosis: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). More recently, HR proteins have been shown to play critical roles in maintaining genome integrity during DNA replication. Additionally, our latest research showed that Dbl2 protein along with other HR proteins act in concert with HIRA histone chaperone to assemble repressive chromatin near hard-to-replicate sites. Notably, cells lacking either HR proteins or HIRA factors exhibited increased levels of antisense RNA and RNA from the LTR retrotransposons and subtelomeric genes. Furthermore, the localization of the misregulated genes significantly correlated with repetitive DNA elements such as LTRs. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains largely unknown. In this project, we propose that the observed repression of gene expression is an integral part of the recombination-dependent replication pathway. We postulate that Sap1 binding to LTRs blocks replication fork progression and results in stalled or collapsed replication forks. Collapsed replication forks are remodeled and relocated to nuclear periphery. The relocation of damaged DNA to nuclear periphery can provide an access to a set of factors necessary for particular pathways of DNA repair. At nuclear periphery both imprecise NHEJ and break-induced replication pathways are favored. After the repair, the affected hard-to-replicate sites might be quickly silenced by factors such as HIRA to avoid a toxic gene expression. In this project, we intend to use classical genetics, high-resolution microscopy and advanced methods based on whole genome sequencing such as MNase-seq and ChIP-seq to obtain a more quantitative picture of chromatin dynamics. We believe that the findings of this research will have broad implications to the field of cancer research and cell division.

Physiopathology of T-type calcium channels in motor neuron function

Úloha T-typu vápnikových kanálov v patofyziológii motorických neurónov

Duration: 1. 1. 2022 - 31. 12. 2025
Evidence number:2/0073/22
Program: VEGA
Project leader: dr. Weiss Norbert PhD.

Optogenetika u s - Examining the role of dopamine and adult neurogenesis in learned behavior of songbirds using optogenetic manipulation

Určenie úlohy dopamínu a neurogenézy v dospelosti pre naučené správanie spevavcov pomocou optogenetickej manipulácie

Duration: 1. 7. 2021 - 30. 6. 2025
Evidence number:APVV-20-0344
Program: APVV
Project leader: Mgr. Niederová-Kubíková Ľubica PhD.
Annotation:Dopamine signaling and neurogenesis play an important role in structural and functional neuroplasticity in the adult brain. In this project, we focus on the role of the dopaminergic neurotransmission and the role of newborn neurons for the control of learned motor sequences in songbirds. While there are numerous studies about motor sequence learning with external reward such as food, studies that involve internal reward system are rare. The internal reward system has been linked with dopamine signalization, and the songbird vocal learning and production represent a great model for such study since the birdsong comprises sequences of very fast actions. We propose to use the modern technique of optogenetics to manipulate vocal sequences. The optogenetic approach enables precise control of neural activity in a specific brain region in a freely moving animal with millisecond precision. Here we propose to modify dopamine reward signaling to the striatal part of basal ganglia and examine the changes in the song sequence. The results will determine the role of dopamine reward system in birdsong learning. In the second part of the project, we propose to optogenetically manipulate the activity of new neurons incorporated to the brain region necessary for song production. The number of newborn neurons in this region increases at the time when the song structure is more variable and new syllables are integrated to the song. We will find in the project whether new neurons born in adulthood are able to modify the song and whether they enable or contribute to the song variability.

LEBRE - Multidrug resistance of leukemia cells - Phenotype caused by interference of multimodal molecular reasons

Viaclieková rezistencia u leukemických buniek - fenotyp spôsobený interferenciou viacerých molekulárnych príčin

Duration: 1. 7. 2020 - 30. 6. 2024
Evidence number:APVV-19-0093
Program: APVV
Project leader: Ing. Sulová Zdena DrSc.
Annotation:The multidrug resistance (MDR) of neoplastic cells represents a serious problem in the treatment of cancer. Tumor transformed cells could develop a wide range of defense mechanisms that enable them to escape from apoptosis induced by chemotherapy. In our project, we will focus on research concerning the development and particularly identification of mechanisms involved in resistance of leukemic cells. The most common molecular feature responsible for development of MDR in neoplastic cells represent expressions and transport activity of transporters belonging from the ABC gene family, and particularly the best-known member of this family ABCB1 protein also known as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Our findings in the previous period has shown that during development of multidrug resistance associated with P-gp overexpression several alterations of processes lead to cell death (such as: response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, deregulation of calcium dependent processes in the intracellular space or induction and progression of programed cell death – apoptosis) could occurred. These alterations are associated with the remodeling of surface proteins and their ubiquitination and glycosylation. These changes, and probably many others, create a complex insight of the molecular changes responsible for the reduced response of leukemia cells to the drugs induced apoptosis. In the current project we will focus to bring novel results important for understanding of the interplay of various molecular changes involved in development of multidrug resistance in leukemia cells. As a model we will use cell sublines obtained by adaption of parental leukemia cells to stressors of endoplasmic reticulum, proteasome inhibitors, hypomethylating agents and vincristine.

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Vplyv kyseliny valproovej na imunitnú reakciu bunky

Duration: 1. 1. 2024 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:APP0506
Program: DoktoGranty
Project leader: Mgr. Ďurišová Ivana

Iron intake and antibiotic resistance in food animal Enterobacterales.

Vychytávanie železa a rezistencia na antibiotiká u Enterobacterales potravinových zvierat.

Duration: 1. 1. 2021 - 31. 12. 2024
Evidence number:2/0010/21
Program: VEGA
Project leader: RNDr. Bujňáková Dobroslava PhD
Annotation:The main objective of the proposed project will be to obtain a new knowledge about the relationship between antibiotic resistance, virulence, ferric ions uptake and biofilm formation on model species of food animal bacteria i. e. Enterobacterales and Escherichia concerning to extraintestinal - ExPEC, avian pathogenic - APEC and verotoxigenic – VTEC Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter. Research will be focused on the most important mechanisms of resistance: plasmid ampicillinases, cephalosporinases, carbapenemases, plasmid resistance to fluoroquinolones and resistance to colistin. Bacterial clonal relatedness and sequence type (ST) of selected Escherichia coli isolates will be also determined. The achieved results will be applicable in bacteriological diagnostic of resistance mechanisms by interpreting reading of minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotic and in student education.

RETATGZPP - Use of recombinant enzymes with thioglucosidase activity for the transformation of plant glucosinolates and their analogues into biologically active substances with preventive and suppressive effect on neoplasia development

Využitie rekombinantných enzýmov s tioglukozidázovou aktivitou na transformáciu rastlinných glukozinolátov a ich analógov na biologicky aktívne látky s preventívnym a supresívnym účinkom na rozvoj neoplázie.

Duration: 1. 7. 2023 - 30. 6. 2027
Evidence number:APVV-22-0383
Program: APVV
Project leader: RNDr. Imrichová Denisa PhD.

DNA methylation changes accompanying the development of multidrug resistance

Zmeny metylácie DNA sprevádzajúce rozvoj viacliekovej rezistencie

Duration: 1. 1. 2024 - 31. 12. 2027
Evidence number:2/0046/24
Program: VEGA
Project leader: Mgr. Pavlíková Lucia PhD.
Annotation:The development of multidrug resistance (MDR), mediated by the overexpression of ABC transporters, represents a real obstacle to overcome in cancer chemotherapy. The MDR phenotype is also accompanied by the activation of other defense mechanisms that protect the cell from damage by cytostatics, including those that are not substrates of ABC transporters. These mechanisms may be of dual origin. They may be directly related to the presence of ABC transporters in the cells due to common mechanisms controlling their induction, or they may have developed due to the selection pressure of cystostatics during treatment but independently of the induction of ABC transporter expression. Alterations in the methylation of promoter regions of genes, the modulation of which may be involved in the emergence of multidrug resistance, may be responsible for the wide variability in cellular responses to cytostatic-induced chemical stress and the frequently observed changes in the state of cell differentiation.

Projects total: 66